e lamp, is provided with a stand for holding
the optical tube.

TABLE 8

APPROXIMATE MELTING POINTS OF METALS[8]

+-----------------+------------------+
| Metal | Temperature |
| |Degrees Fahrenheit|
+-----------------+------------------+
|Wrought Iron | 2737 |
|Pig Iron (gray) | 2190-2327 |
|Cast Iron (white)| 2075 |
|Steel | 2460-2550 |
|Steel (cast) | 2500 |
|Copper | 1981 |
|Zinc | 786 |
|Antimony | 1166 |
|Lead | 621 |
|Bismuth | 498 |
|Tin | 449 |
|Platinum | 3191 |
|Gold | 1946 |
|Silver | 1762 |
|Aluminum | 1216 |
+-----------------+------------------+

Determination of Temperature from Character of Emitted Light--As a
further means of determining approximately the temperature of a furnace,
Table 9, compiled by Messrs. White & Taylor, may be of service. The
color at a given temperature is approximately the same for all kinds of
combustibles under similar conditions.

TABLE 9

CHARACTER OF EMITTED LIGHT AND CORRESPONDING
APPROXIMATE TEMPERATURE[9]

+--------------------------------------+-----------+
| Character of Emitted Light |Temperature|
| | Degrees |
| | Fahrenheit|
+--------------------------------------+-----------+
|Dark red, blood red, low red | 1050 |
|Dark cherry red | 1175 |
|Cherry, full red | 1375 |
|Light cherry, bright cherry, light red| 1550 |
|Orange | 1650 |
|Light orange | 1725 |
|Yellow | 1825 |
|Light yellow | 1975 |
|White | 2200 |
+--------------------------------------+-----------+

THE THEORY OF STEAM MAKING

[Extracts from a Lecture delivered by George H. Babcock, at Cornell
University, 1887[10]]

The chemical compound known as H_{2}O exists in three states or
conditions--ice, water and steam; the only difference between these
states or conditions is in t