ing or investing money at
the South; that dissatisfied labor was against their interests; that
it was the duty of business men in the South to take a firm stand for
the protection of the Negroes, because every stroke of violence
administered to the Negroes shocked and injured the business of that
section; and that kind treatment of and protection for the Negroes
would insure better work and greater financial prosperity. On the
other hand, the Exodus benefited the Negroes who sought and found new
homes in a new country; and it secured better treatment for those who
remained behind. The Exodus was in line with a great law that governs
nations. The Negro race must win by contact with the white race; by
absorbing all that is good; by the inspiration of example. He must
come in contact now not with a people who hate him, but with a people
of industrious, sober, and honest habits; a people willing to
encourage and instruct him in the duties of life. Race lines must be
obliterated at the South, and the old theory of the natural
inferiority of the Negro must give way to the demonstrations of Negro
capacity. A new doctrine must supplant the old theories of pre-slavery
days, and every man in the Republic must enjoy a citizenship as wide
as the continent, and, like the coin of the Government, pass for his
intrinsic value, and no more.

FOOTNOTES:

[134] See Senator Windom's speech on the Exodus, Monday, June 14,
1880; also the report of the Senate Committee having under
consideration the investigation of the causes of the migration of the
Colored people from the Southern to the Northern States.

[135] Pamphlet on Exodus.--Anonymous.

[136] The Congregationalist, Aug. 11, 1880.

[137] We visited Kansas twice in 1880, and again in 1881. We conversed
with Gov. St. John, Mr. John M. Brown, and other gentlemen related to
and familiar with the matter of the Exodus, and found that those who
at the first so violently opposed the coming of the Negroes had been
pleased with their simplicity, patience, industry, and character. They
were all doing well. The association had discontinued its work, and
the people were settled in quiet homes.

[138] Chicago Inter-Ocean, April 15, 1880.

CHAPTER XXIX.

RETROSPECTION AND PROSPECTION.

THE THREE GRAND DIVISIONS OF THE TRIBES OF AFRICA.--SLAVE MARKETS
OF AMERICA SUPPLIED FROM THE DISEASED AND CRIMINAL CLASSES OF
AFRICAN SOCIETY.--AMERICA ROBS AFRICA OF 15,000,000 SO