ward, and the
sheet enabling it to be taken aft. The clewlines for these sails are
double, and are called "clew-garnets." A glance at the picture will
show the clew-garnets and clewlines coming down to the corners and the
buntlines coming straight down the sails.

The sails along the centre line of the ship are the fore-and-aft
sails; these are the triangular jibs, staysails and trysails, and the
trapezoidal spanker we have already mentioned, which sometimes has a
gaff topsail over it and a "ringtail" behind it, as shown in our figure.

"Watersails," by the way, are not carried now; they used to be set below
the lower booms, but, as we have seen, there are now no lower booms, the
lower stu'nsails being triangular, like the staysails.

These staysails take their names from the stays on which they run.
Working from the deck upward, the clipper we show is flying her mizzen
staysail, her mizzen topmast staysail, her mizzen topgallantmast
staysail and her mizzen royal staysail; and she has a similar series off
the main. But on the fore we have the head-sails. The extreme outer one
we cannot see; it comes down from the fore-royal and ends half-way down,
being a mere "kite;" it is called the "jib topsail." The outer one we
can see is the "flying-jib," on the flying-jibboom. Then come the "outer
jib" and the "inner jib" and the "foretopmast staysail."

The "trysails" are gaff or jib-headed sails sometimes carried on the
fore and main, as the spanker is carried on the mizzen. The gaff is held
up by the throat and peak halliards, and kept in position by "vangs,"
which come down to the rail as shown. The spanker is sheeted home not by
a sheet, but by an "outhaul," and kept in position not by a "brace," but
by the "sheet," and thereby differs from the square sails.

It will be noticed how neat and clean the ship is. There is nothing
outside to catch the wash of the sea or check the speed. The boat's
davits and the dead-eyes of the lower rigging are all inside the
bulwarks. The cables have been unshackled and stowed in the lockers
below, and the hawse-pipes are all plugged; the anchors are all inboard,
and everything that could possibly act as a brake on her is removed.

Several large vessels now have four masts, in which case they are called
"four-masters." When all the masts are square-rigged, the names are
bowmast, foremast, main and mizzen. If the aftermost mast is not
square-rigged, the order is foremast, main, mizzen and