men, and ordained separate lavaera for the sexes.
Marcus Aurelius and Alexander Severus renewed this edict, but in
the interval, Heliogabalus had authorized the sexes to meet in
the baths." (Dufour, _Histoire de la Prostitution_, vol. ii, Ch.
XVIII; cf. Smith's _Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities_,
Art. Balneae.)

In Rome, according to ancient custom, actors were compelled to
wear drawers (_subligaculum_) on the stage, in order to safeguard
the modesty of Roman matrons. Respectable women, it seems, also
always wore some sort of _subligaculum_, even sometimes when
bathing. The name was also applied to a leathern girdle laced
behind, which they were occasionally made to wear as a girdle of
chastity. (Dufour, op. cit., vol. ii, p. 150.) Greek women also
wore a cloth round the loins when taking the bath, as did the men
who bathed there; and a woman is represented bathing and wearing
a sort of thin combinations reaching to the middle of the thigh.
(Smith's _Dictionary_, loc. cit.) At a later period, St.
Augustine refers to the _compestria_, the drawers or apron worn
by young men who stripped for exercise in the _campus_. (_De
Civitate Dei_, Bk. XIV, Ch. XVII.)

Lecky (_History of Morals_, vol. ii, p. 318), brings together
instances of women, in both Pagan and early Christian times, who
showed their modesty by drawing their garments around them, even
at the moment that they were being brutally killed. Plutarch, in
his essay on the "Virtues of Women,"--moralizing on the
well-known story of the young women of Milesia, among whom an
epidemic of suicide was only brought to an end by the decree that
in future women who hanged themselves should be carried naked
through the market-places,--observes: "They, who had no dread of
the most terrible things in the world, death and pain, could not
abide the imagination of dishonor, and exposure to shame, even
after death."

In the second century the physician Aretaeus, writing at Rome,
remarks: "In many cases, owing to involuntary restraint from
modesty at assemblies, and at banquets, the bladder becomes
distended, and from the consequent loss of its contractile power,
it no longer evacuates the urine." (_On the Causes and Symptoms
of Acute Diseases_, Book II, Chapter X.)

Apuleius, writing in the second century, says: "Most wome