| to grain | 2.89 2.60 | 3.71 3.41 | 2.83 2.55 |
| Elastic limit in | | | |
| compression | | | |
| parallel to grain | 2.60 2.34 | 3.80 3.49 | 2.40 2.26 |
| Modulus of rupture in | | | |
| bending | 2.50 2.20 | 2.81 2.50 | 2.09 1.82 |
| Stress at elastic limit in | | | |
| bending | 2.90 2.55 | 2.90 2.58 | 2.30 2.00 |
| Crushing strength at right | | | |
| angles to grain | | 2.58 2.48 | |
| Shearing strength parallel | | | |
| to grain | 2.01 1.91 | 2.03 1.95 | 1.55 1.47 |
| Modulus of elasticity in | | | |
| compression parallel to | | | |
| grain | 1.63 1.47 | 2.26 2.08 | 1.43 1.29 |
| Modulus of elasticity in | | | |
| bending | 1.59 1.35 | 1.43 1.23 | 1.44 1.21 |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------|
| NOTE.--The figures in the first column show the relative increase in |
| strength between a green specimen and a kiln-dry specimen of equal |
| size. The figures in the second column show the relative increase of |
| strength of the same block after being dried from a green condition |
| to 3.5 per cent moisture, correction having been made for shrinkage. |
| That is, in the first column the strength values per actual unit of |
| area are used; in the second the values per unit of area of green |
| wood which shrinks to smaller size when dried. |
| |
| See also Cir. 108, Fig. 1, p. 8. |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------|

The moisture content has a decided bearing also upon the manner
in which wood fails. In compression tests on very dry specimens
the entire piece splits suddenly into pieces before any buckling
takes place (see Fig. 9.), while with wet material the block
gives way gradually, due to the buckling or bending of the walls
of the fibres along one or