d even; gills decurrent, very narrow, thin, even
and close together, dichotonous, white; flesh white; milk _white_,
_extremely acrid_, copious; stem very short, stout, solid. Whole plant
white.

Lactarius _blennius_ Fries. Cap depressed, slimy or glutinous,
greenish-gray; margin incurved and somewhat downy. Gills narrow, white
or whitish; stem stuffed or hollow, viscid, and of same color as the cap
or paler; milk white and very acrid.

M. C. Cooke divides the genus Lactarius into 4 "Tribes": (1) Piperites,
in which the stem is central, gills _unchangeable_, naked, neither
discolored nor _pruinose_, milk at first _white_ and _commonly acrid_;
(2) Dapetes, in which the stem is central, gills naked, _milk from the
first deeply colored_; (3) Russulares, in which the stem is central,
gills pallid, _then discolored_, becoming darker, changing when turned
to the light, at length _pruinose_, with milk at _first white_ and
_mild_ and _sometimes becoming acrid_; (4) Pleuropos, in which the stem
is concentric or lateral.

To the first of these subdivisions, _Piperites_, belong all of the
Lactars enumerated above. The Russians eat the Piperites only after the
water of the first boiling has been taken off.

Lactarius _rufus_ Scop., a very acrid species of large size, having
reddish ochraceous gills and zoneless cap of reddish yellow with white
milk, belongs to the subdivision Russulares. Common in fir woods.
Dangerous.

Lactarius _volemus_ Fries, a tawny yellow-capped mushroom with white
gills changing to a yellowish hue, and copious _sweet_ white milk,
belongs also to the latter subdivision. Edible.

Russula (Fragiles) _emetica_ Fries. Cap fleshy, at first convex, then
expanded or depressed, smooth, polished, red, margin sulcate; gills
free, equal and broad, white; stem solid but somewhat spongy in the
center, smooth, short, stoutish, white or stained reddish; flesh white,
sometimes slightly tinted red, under the thin red cuticle. The cap of
this mushroom varies from a deep rich crimson to a pale pinkish red,
being very subject to atmospheric changes. Specimens are often found
with the cap washed almost white after heavy rains, or with but a slight
red spot in the center. The gills and spores are pure white, and the
flesh peppery to the taste. If tasted when raw the juice should not be
swallowed.

The variety _Clusii_ has a blood-red cap, pallid yellowish gills,
adnexed, becoming adnate. Spores white. In woods. Acrid. The