to
have Christ for a shepherd or a head; if that were sufficient,
all the heathen, all the Jews, all the errorists, all the
heretics would be true Christians. Christ is a lord, a guardian,
a shepherd, a head of the whole world, whether we want him or
not." (_Weimar Ed._, VI, 301) In the Latin he says: "No community
or assembly (_civilitars seu pluralitas_) of men can be rightly
administered except in the unity of the head, under the Head
Jesus Christ." This proposition he develops in detail, saying
that "No brothel (_contubernium meretricum_), no band of thieves,
plunderers and robbers, no company of soldiers can be ruled or
held together, or long exist without a governor, chief and lord,
that is to say, without one head." (_Weimar Ed._, VI, 278).

[47] See above, p. 358.

[48] Jerome Emser, _De disputatione Lipsicense_ and _A venatione
Luteriana aegocerotia assertio_.

[49] Augustine, _In Joannia Ev._, 12, 3, 11. (_Migne Ed._, 35 149
ff.)

[50] Cf. Augustine, _De unitate ecclesiae_, 5, 8. (_Migne Ed._,
43, 396 f.)

[51] In his _Sermon von Sacrament des Leichnams Christi_ of 1519
(_Weimar Ed._, II, 742 ff.) Luther had made a plea for the
restoration of the cup to the laity. At the request of Duke
George of Saxony, the bishop of Meissen (Jan. 20th, 1520) forbade
the circulation of this tract in his diocese (_Weimar Ed._, VI,
76; Hauerbath, _Luther_, I, 316). The controversy, to which
Luther contributed is _Verklarung etlicher Artikel_, etc.
(_Weimar Ed._, VI, 78 ff.), was bitterest in the Leipzig circle
to which Alved belonged.

[52] See pp. 373 and 380.

[53] A reference to Emser's _De disputatione Lipsicense_, and _A
ventione Luteriana aegocerotis assertio_, see above, p. 363.

[54] Luther's greeting to a forthcoming and much heralded work of
Eck's, which appeared under the title _De primatu Petri_.

[55] This statement cannot be substantiated. But see commentaries
on Acts 26:10 f.

[56] The memory of the warlike and avaricious pope Julius II. was
still fresh in the mind of Luther and his contemporaries.

[57] Alveld so announced himself in the title of his Latin
treatise. In order go gain the necessary leisure for its
composition he had obtained a dispensation from all the capel
services of his monastery. See _Weimar Ed._, VI, 277.

[58] In a similar vein of satire Shakespeare uses this very
phrase in "Merry Wives of Windsor," III, 5.

[59] _Gemeinde_.

[60] Alveld had stated that the attempt had