us of 1890 the relation of ages among the two sexes were these:

Excess Excess of
Males. Females. of Males. Females.
Below ten years 5,993,681 5,966,226 27,455 ...
10 to 20 years 5,104,751 5,110,093 ... 5,342
20 to 30 years 3,947,324 4,055,321 ... 107,997
30 to 40 years 3,090,174 3,216,704 ... 126,530
40 to 50 years 2,471,617 2,659,609 ... 187,992
50 to 60 years 1,826,951 2,041,377 ... 214,426
60 to 70 years 1,177,142 1,391,227 ... 214,085
70 and up 619,192 757,081 ... 137,889
--------- --------- ------ -------
24,230,832 25,197,638 27,455 994,261

This table shows that, up to the tenth year, the number of boys exceeds
that of girls, due merely to the disproportion in births. Everywhere,
there are more boys born than girls. In the German Empire, for
instance,[94] there were born:--

In the year 1872 to 100 girls 106.2 boys
In the year 1878 to 100 girls 105.9 boys
In the year 1884 to 100 girls 106.2 boys
In the year 1888 to 100 girls 106.0 boys
In the year 1891 to 100 girls 106.2 boys

But the male sex dies earlier than the female, and from early childhood
more boys die than girls. Accordingly, the table shows that, between the
ages of 10 to 20 the female sex exceeds the male.

To each 100 females, there died, males:--[95]

In 1872 107.0 In 1884 109.2
In 1878 110.5 In 1888 107.9
In 1891 107.5

The table shows, furthermore, that at the matrimonial age, proper,
between the ages of 20 and 50, the female sex exceeds the male by
422,519, and that at the age from 50 to 70 and above, it exceeds the
male by 566,400. A very strong disproportion between the sexes appears,
furthermore, among the widowed.

According to the census of 1890, there were:--

Widowers 774,967
Widows 2,154,870
---------
Excess of widows over widowers 1,382,903

Of these widowed people, according to age, there were:--

Age. Males. Females.
40-60 222,286 842,920
60 and over 506,319 1,158,712

The number of divorced