ablished in the midst of a tree,
and made of broken and interlaced branches. He piles up on this
support a considerable mass of leaves and moss; for the Orang does not
sleep seated like the other great apes, but lies down in the manner of
Man, as has often been observed when he is in captivity. When he feels
the cold he is ingenious enough to cover himself with the leaves of
his couch.

In Upper and Lower Guinea the Chimpanzee (_Troglodytes niger_) also
establishes his dwelling on trees. He first makes choice of a large
horizontal branch, which constitutes a sufficient floor for the agile
animal. Above this branch he bends the neighbouring boughs, crosses
them, and interlaces them so as to obtain a sort of framework. When
this preliminary labour is accomplished, he collects dead wood or
breaks up branches and adds them to the first. Before commencing he
had taken care when choosing the site that the whole was so arranged
that a fork was within reach to sustain the roof. He thus constructs a
very sufficient shelter. These apes are sociable and prefer to live in
each other's neighbourhood. They even go on excursions in rather large
bands. Notwithstanding this, more than one or two cabins are never
seen on the same tree; perhaps this is because the complicated
conditions required for the construction are not likely to be realised
several times on the same tree; perhaps also it is a desire for
independence which impels the Chimpanzees not to live too near to each
other.[92]

[92] Savage, "Observations on the External Characters and
Habits of the _Troglodytes niger_," _Boston Journal Nat.
Hist._, 1843, pp. 362-376.

The _Troglodytes calvus_, a relative of the preceding, inhabiting the
same regions, as described by Du Chaillu, shows still more skill in
raising his roof. A tree is always chosen for support. He breaks off
boughs and fastens them by one end to the trunk, by the other to a
large branch. To fix all these pieces he employs very strong creepers,
which grow in abundance in his forests. Above this framework, which
indicates remarkable ingenuity, the animal piles up large leaves,
forming in layers well pressed down and quite impenetrable to the
rain. The whole has the appearance of an open parasol. The ape sits on
a branch beneath his handiwork, supporting himself against the trunk
with one arm. He has thus an excellent shelter against the mid-day sun
as well as against tropical showers. Male and