lligence does not depend on the
whole body; its superior or inferior development is related to a
certain corresponding complexity in the surface, volume, and
histologic structure of the nervous centres.

It happens with the cerebral as with the other functions. An animal's
superiority is not exhibited in all his organs nor in all his
qualities; it results from a certain grouping of characters in which
there may be weak points. The highest in organisation are not
necessarily the swiftest or the strongest, any more than they are
necessarily the most intelligent. It may happen; it happens in the
case of Man; but it as easily fails to happen. In organisation the
Horse is nearer to Man than the Ant; but it is far otherwise as
regards intellectual development.

For this reason, when following the progress of any industry, I have
taken my examples first in one group, then in another far-removed
group, to return afterwards to the first. There are not, and cannot
be, bonds between a solitary function of the being and its place in
classification--a place which has been determined by the form of all
the organs, without even taking into account their methods of
activity.

Comparative anatomy has long since removed the barriers, once thought
impassable, raised by human pride between Man and the other animals.
Our bodies do not differ from theirs; and moreover, such glimpses as
we are able to obtain allow us to conclude that their psychic
faculties are of the same nature as our own. Man in his evolution
introduces no new factor.

The industries in which the talents of animals are exercised
demonstrate that, under the influence of the same environment, animals
have reacted in the same manner as Man, and have formed the same
combinations to protect themselves from cold or heat, to defend
themselves against the attacks of enemies, and to ensure sufficient
provision of food during those hard seasons of the year when the earth
does not yield in abundance.

It must only be added, to avoid falling into exaggeration, that Man
excels in all the arts, of which only scattered rudiments are found
among the other animals; and we may safeguard our pride by affirming
that we need not fear comparison. If our intelligence is not
essentially different from that of animals, we have the satisfaction
of knowing that it is much superior to theirs.

APPENDIX.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

_Brehm's Thierleben_ is the great repository of facts concerni