al organization?

19. How does Le Bon explain the mental anarchy at the time of the French
Revolution?

20. What was the nature of this mental anarchy in the different social
classes? Are revolutions always preceded by mental anarchy?

21. What was the relative importance of belief and of reason in the
French Revolution?

22. What are the likenesses and differences between the origin and
development of bolshevism and of the French Revolution?

23. Do you agree with Spargo's interpretation of the psychology (a) of
the intellectual Bolshevists, and (b) of the I.W.W.?

24. Are mass movements organizing or disorganizing factors in society?
Illustrate by reference to Methodism, the French Revolution, and
bolshevism.

25. Under what conditions will a mass movement (a) become organized,
and (b) become an institution?

FOOTNOTES:

[280] W. G. Sumner, _Folkways_. A study of the sociological importance
of usages, manners, customs, mores, and morals, pp. 12-13. (Boston,
1906.)

[281] Scipio Sighele, in a note to the French edition of his _Psychology
of Sects_, claims that his volume, _La Folla delinquente_, of which the
second edition was published at Turin in 1895, and his article
"Physiologie du succes," in the _Revue des Revues_, October 1, 1894,
were the first attempts to describe the crowd from the point of view of
collective psychology. Le Bon published two articles, "Psychologie des
foules" in the _Revue scientifique_, April 6 and 20, 1895. These were
later gathered together in his volume _Psychologie des foules_, Paris,
1895. See Sighele _Psychologie des sectes_, pp. 25, 39.

[282] Gustave Le Bon, _The Crowd_. A study of the popular mind, p. 19.
(New York, 1900.)

[283] _Ibid._, p. 83.

[284] _L'Opinion et la foule_, pp. 6-7. (Paris, 1901.)

[285] _The Crowd_, p. 41.

[286] Sidney L. Hinde, _The Fall of the Congo Arabs_, p. 147. (London,
1897.) Describing a characteristic incident in one of the strange
confused battles Hinde says: "Wordy war, which also raged, had even more
effect than our rifles. Mahomedi and Sefu led the Arabs, who were
jeering and taunting Lutete's people, saying that they were in a bad
case, and had better desert the white man, who was ignorant of the fact
that Mohara with all the forces of Nyange was camped in his rear.
Lutete's people replied: 'Oh, we know all about Mohara; we ate him the
day before yesterday.'" This news became all the more depressing when it
turned out to be tr