that, if it
had been intended to make all citizens of the United States
voters, the framers of the Constitution would not have left it to
implication. So important a change in the condition of
citizenship as it actually existed, if intended, would have been
expressly declared.

But if further proof is necessary to show that no such change was
intended, it can easily be found both in and out of the
Constitution. By article 4, section 2, it is provided that "the
citizens of each State shall be entitled to all the privileges
and immunities of citizens in the several States." If suffrage is
necessarily a part of citizenship, then the citizens of each
State must be entitled to vote in the several States precisely as
their citizens are. This is more than asserting that they may
change their residence and become citizens of the State and thus
be voters. It goes to the extent of insisting that, while
retaining their original citizenship, they may vote in any State.
This, we think, has never been claimed. And again, by the very
terms of the Amendment we have been considering (the XIV).

"Representatives shall be apportioned among the several
States according to their respective numbers, counting the
whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not
taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the
choice of electors for President and Vice-President of the
United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive
and Judicial officers of a State, or the Members of the
Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male
inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age and
citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged,
except for participation in the Rebellion or other crimes,
the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the
proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear
to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age
in such State."

Why this, if it was not in the power of the Legislature to deny
the right of suffrage to some male inhabitants? And if suffrage
was necessarily one of the absolute rights of citizenship, why
confine the operation of the limitation to male inhabitants?
Women and childr