he hath no cause. The third is a sin on both sides,
for as it is a fault to lay an occasion of falling before another, so it
is a fault in him to fall, though he have occasion.

_Sect._ 3. 4th. A scandal given, or active, is not only such a word or
deed whereby we intend the fall of our brother, but also such a word or
deed(354), _quod de sui ratione habet, quod sit inductivum ad peccandum,
puta __ cum aliquis publice facit peccatum, vel quod habet similitudinem
peccati_, John xvi. 2. Put the case: A man staying away from the Christian
assemblies and public worship of God, intending to employ his studies all
this time for the good of the church by writing, such a man doth not only
not intend the fall of others, but, by the contrary, he intendeth
edification; yet doth he scandalise them, because _ratio et conditio
operis_ is scandalous and inductive to sin.

5th. An active scandal is given (and so is faulty) many ways. If it be in
a thing lawful, then it makes our brother condemn our lawful deed, yea,
animates him by our example to that which in his conscience he condemneth,
both which are sin. If it be in a thing unlawful, then is the scandal
given and peccant, it, 1. Either our brother be made to fall into the
outward act of sin; or, 2. If he be made to stumble in his conscience, and
to call in question the way of truth; or, 3. If it do so much as to make
him halt, or weaken his plerophory or full assurance; or, 4. If it hinder
his growth and going forward, and make him, though neither to fall, nor to
stumble, nor to halt, yet to have a smaller progress; or, 5. If none of
these evils be produced in our brother, yet when, either through our
intention and the condition of the deed together, or through the condition
of the deed alone, occasion is given him of sinning any one of these ways.
_Opus nostrum_ (saith a great proctor for popish ceremonies(355)) _quoties
sive natura sua, sive superaddito accidente alicujus circumstantiae, est
inductivum proximi ad peccatum, sive causativum magni mali, sive
turbativum boni spiritualis; sive impeditivum fidei, &c., quamvis etiam
effectus non sequeretur, malum est et peccatum._

_Sect._ 4. 6th. A passive scandal, which is taken and not given, is not
only faulty when it proceedeth of malice, but also when it proceedeth of
ignorance and infirmity; and _scandalum pusillorum_ may be _scandalum
acceptum_, on the part of the offended faulty, as well as _scandalum
Pharisaeorum_. When wea