Driven Back--Death of the Cid--A Dynasty of
the Almoravides--The Alhomades--The Great
Mahdi--Moorish People Become Subject to
Emperor of Morocco--His Designs upon
Europe--The Pope Proclaims a Crusade--Alhomades
Driven Out of Spain by Christians--Moorish
Kingdom Reduced to Province of Granada, 78

CHAPTER XIV.
European Conditions in Thirteenth Century--Visigoth
Kings Recover Their Land--Its
Changed Conditions--Effect of Arab Civilization
upon Spanish Nation--Fernando III.--Spain
Draws into Closer Companionship with
European States--Alfonso X.--Spain Becoming
Picturesque--The Bull-Fight--Beautiful Granada--The
Alhambra, 87

CHAPTER XV.
Perpetual Civil War between Spanish States--Castile
and Aragon Absorb the Others and in Conflict
for Supremacy--Pedro the Cruel--The
"Black Prince" His Champion against Aragon--John
of Gaunt--His Claim upon the Throne of
Castile--His Final Compromise--Political Conditions
Contrasted with Those of Other States, 94

CHAPTER XVI.
Death of Juan II.--Enrique IV.--Isabella--Her Marriage
with Ferdinand of Aragon--Isabella
Crowned Queen of Castile--Ferdinand, King of
Aragon--The Two Crowns United--Characteristics
of the Two Sovereigns--The Inquisition
Created--Jews Driven out of the Kingdom--Abdul-Hassan's
Defiance--Zahara--Family
Troubles at the Alhambra--Ayesha and Boabdil--Alhama
Captured by Ferdinand--Boabdil
Supplants His Father--Massacre of the Abencerrages--Granada
Besieged--Its Capitulation--Moorish
Rule Ended in Spain, 100

CHAPTER XVII.
Columbus and Isabella--Isabella's Private Griefs--Her
Death--Charles, King under a Regency--Charles
Elected Emperor of Germany--Spain
during His Reign--Cruelties in the East and
in the West--Vain Struggle with Protestantism--Abdication
and Death of Charles, 108

CHAPTER XVIII.
Philip II.--Union of Spain and Portugal--The Duke
of Alva in the Netherlands--War with England--Spanish
Armada Destroyed--Death of
Philip II.--Spain's Decline--Glory of the Name
"Castilian," 117

CHAPTER XIX.
Philip III.--Rebellion of the Moriscos--Last of the
Moors Conveyed to African Coast--Don Quixote--Philip
IV.--Louis XIV. Marries Spanish Infanta--A
Diminishing Kingdom--Carlos II.--First
Collision between Anglo-Saxon and
Spaniard in America--Close of Hapsburg Dynasty
in Spain, 125

CHAPTER XX.
New Eur