ire, also, a sort of candelabra was constructed. The
flowers on the table are in a German shell for vase, and the gramophone
was another village "find." It is evident that the war may develop a race
of military troglodytes.

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THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914--[Part 21]--35

[Illustration: HEADQUARTERS UNDERGROUND: THE BRAIN OF THE BRITISH ARMY
WORKING IN A SUBTERRANEAN ROOM, SAFE FROM SHELL-FIRE.]

Our illustration shows how and why the motive-power of the Expeditionary
Force, the brain of the Army, is often to be found below-ground. Mr. John
Dakin, writing of this drawing, made by him from a sketch which he made at
the Front, says: "Throughout the war, the enemy has displayed considerable
skill in locating and shelling any buildings selected for occupation by
our Staff. Various methods of countering these tactics have been devised.
On at least one occasion, headquarters was established in a subterranean
apartment, which was not merely bomb-proof, but a comfortable retreat from
the weather. Here, by lamplight, plans were worked out; scraps of
information pieced together with the aid of maps without risk of
interruption from the enemy."--[_Drawn by John Dakin from his Sketch made
on the Spot._]

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36--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, DEC. 30, 1914.--[Part 21]

[Illustration: AFTER THE ENEMY HAD BEEN ALLOWED TO COME WITHIN
POINT-BLANK RANGE OF THEIR SILENT FOE:]

Determined night-onslaughts by infantry have been, according to a letter
from Petrograd, a notable feature of the German tactics in the battles on
the Vistula, particularly in the fighting that has been taking place
between Lowicz and the river. By day, the Germans, we are told, were
persistently aggressive, continuously launching attacks against various
points of the Russian lines, while the Russians remained on the defensive.
With the coming of darkness, however, regularly, night after night, the
Germans redoubled their efforts everywhere, taking advantage of the
obscurity to fling forward dense swarms and columns of men in massed
formation, to storm the entrenched Russian position, apparently at any
cost. They failed every time, it would appear, beaten back after literally
a massacre. The Russian tactics