oceeds from the
same cause and terminates in the same effect.

When sovereignty becomes transformed into a sinecure it becomes
burdensome without being useful, and on becoming burdensome without
being useful it is overthrown.

*****

NOTES:

[Footnote 1301: Beugnot, "Memoires," V. I. p.292.--De Tocqueville,
"L'Ancien Regime et la Revolution."]

[Footnote 1302: Arthur Young, "Travels in France," II. 456. In France,
he says, it is from the eleventh to the thirty-second. "But nothing is
known like the enormities committed in England where the tenth is really
taken."]

[Footnote 1303: Saint-Simon, "Memoires," ed. Cheruel, vol. I.--Lucas
de Montigny, "Memoires de Mirabeau," I. 53-182.--Marshal Marmont,
"Memoires," I. 9, 11.--Chateaubriand, "Memoires," I. 17. De Montlosier,
"Memoires," 2 vol. passim.--Mme. de Larochejacquelein, "Souvenirs,"
passim. Many details concerning the types of the old nobility will be
found in these passages. They are truly and forcibly depicted in two
novels by Balzac in "Beatrix," (the Baron de Guenic) and in the "Cabinet
des Antiques," (the Marquis d' Esgrignon).]

[Footnote 1304: A letter of the bailiff of Mirabeau, 1760, published by
M. de Lomenie in the "Correspondant," V. 49, p.132.]

[Footnote 1305: Mme. de Larochejacquelein, ibid. I. 84. "As M. de
Marigny had some knowledge of the veterinary art the peasants of the
canton came after him when they had sick animals."]

[Footnote 1306: Marquis de Mirabeau, "Traite de la Population," p. 57.]

[Footnote 1307: De Tocqueville, ibid. p.180. This is proved by the
registers of the capitation-tax which was paid at the actual domicile.]

[Footnote 1308: Renauldon, ibid.., Preface p. 5.--Anne Plumptre, "A
narrative of three years residence in France from 1802 to 1805." II.
357.--Baroness Oberkirk, "Memoires," II. 389.--"De l'etat religieux,"
by the abbes Bonnefoi and Bernard, 1784, p. 295.--Mme.Vigee-Lebrun,
"Souvenirs," p.171.]

[Footnote 1309: Archives nationales, D, XIX. portfolios 14, 15, 25. Five
bundles of papers are filled with these petitions.]

[Footnote 1310: Ibid. D, XIX. portfolio 11. An admirable letter by
Joseph of Saintignon, abbe of Domievre, general of the regular canons
of Saint-Sauveur and a resident. He has 23,000 livres income, of which
6,066 livres is a pension from the government, in recompense for his
services. His personal expenditure not being over 5,000 livres "he is in
a situation to distribute among the po