rigor
might be provoked or justified by the recent victories and intolerant
zeal of the princes of Sicily and Castille, of Arragon and Portugal.
The faith of the Mozarabes was occasionally revived by the papal
missionaries; and, on the landing of Charles the Fifth, some families
of Latin Christians were encouraged to rear their heads at Tunis and
Algiers. But the seed of the gospel was quickly eradicated, and the
long province from Tripoli to the Atlantic has lost all memory of the
language and religion of Rome. [213]

[Footnote 207: The letter of Abdoulrahman, governor or tyrant of Africa,
to the caliph Aboul Abbas, the first of the Abbassides, is dated A. H.
132 Cardonne, (Hist. de l'Afrique et de l'Espagne, tom. i. p. 168.)]

[Footnote 208: Bibliotheque Orientale, p. 66. Renaudot, Hist. Patriarch.
Alex. p. 287, 288.]

[Footnote 209: Among the Epistles of the Popes, see Leo IX. epist. 3;
Gregor. VII. l. i. epist. 22, 23, l. iii. epist. 19, 20, 21; and the
criticisms of Pagi, (tom. iv. A.D. 1053, No. 14, A.D. 1073, No. 13,) who
investigates the name and family of the Moorish prince, with whom the
proudest of the Roman pontiffs so politely corresponds.]

[Footnote 210: Mozarabes, or Mostarabes, adscititii, as it is
interpreted in Latin, (Pocock, Specimen Hist. Arabum, p. 39, 40.
Bibliot. Arabico-Hispana, tom. ii. p. 18.) The Mozarabic liturgy, the
ancient ritual of the church of Toledo, has been attacked by the popes,
and exposed to the doubtful trials of the sword and of fire, (Marian.
Hist. Hispan. tom. i. l. ix. c. 18, p. 378.) It was, or rather it is, in
the Latin tongue; yet in the xith century it was found necessary (A. Ae.
C. 1687, A.D. 1039) to transcribe an Arabic version of the canons of the
councils of Spain, (Bibliot. Arab. Hisp. tom. i. p. 547,) for the use of
the bishops and clergy in the Moorish kingdoms.]

[Footnote 211: About the middle of the xth century, the clergy of
Cordova was reproached with this criminal compliance, by the intrepid
envoy of the Emperor Otho I., (Vit. Johan. Gorz, in Secul. Benedict. V.
No. 115, apud Fleury, Hist. Eccles. tom. xii. p. 91.)]

[Footnote 212: Pagi, Critica, tom. iv. A.D. 1149, No. 8, 9. He justly
observes, that when Seville, &c., were retaken by Ferdinand of Castille,
no Christians, except captives, were found in the place; and that the
Mozarabic churches of Africa and Spain, described by James a Vitriaco,
A.D. 1218, (Hist. Hierosol. c. 80, p. 1095, in Gest. D