nters and pressmen,
street-railway employes and railroad men, report nearly full time;
iron-moulders and rolling-mill men, 35 weeks per year; while other
metal-workers report 30 weeks of work and 20 weeks of want of work.

In commenting upon the tables given, Colonel John S. Lord, the able
secretary of the Bureau, says: "Whatever value may be attached to the
ultimate percentage of time lost, as deduced from all classes, the
specific facts remain as to a great number of men and occupations. No
interpretation of these facts can obscure the important fact that out of
85,329 workingmen, organized to promote their material interests, and
presumably able to secure a greater share of them than the unorganized,
only about one-fifth of them can obtain continuous work for a full year
of working time. As the last table shows, those who get less than 40
weeks work are 65 per cent of the whole; and those who get only from 13
to 30 weeks' wages in the year are 35 per cent of the whole, or 30,451
in number." (Page 320.)

Another and not less important feature of the Illinois report is that it
shows the number of members of labor organizations out of work at the
time of the investigation--June and July, 1886.

The question of the number of weeks' work secured during the year might
be sometimes loosely answered by the secretaries of labor unions; but as
to the number at that time unemployed the answers would be almost as
accurate as a census enumeration. The 634 labor organizations of
Illinois had an enrolled membership in June, 1886, of 114,365. It was
found that 17 per cent of these belonged to both the Knights of Labor
and to a trade union, and had hence been duplicated. Deducting these, it
was found that 103,843 persons were members of these bodies. Of these,
88,223, or 85 per cent, were employed, while 15,620, or 15 per cent,
were idle. Applying this percentage to the entire number of persons
engaged in the industries in which organizations were found, basing that
number on the census of 1880, there must have been in the three grand
divisions of industry--manufacturing, mining, and transportation--at
least 50,000 men unemployed in Illinois in June, 1886. If that
percentage could be applied to all occupations, this number would be
swelled to 150,000. The Illinois Bureau found 15 per cent of all those
engaged in manufacturing and mining industries idle in 1886.

Massachusetts finds the equivalent of 11 per cent of all her industri