dently protected the priest whom he
had chosen, that priest, nevertheless, in resisting, suffered all that it
was possible to suffer, and overcame, by his priestly energy, those for
whom were in store other and ulterior defeats."

ST. CYPRIAN, Epist. LII, _ad Antonianum_.

The death of Pius IX., long so ardently desired by the Italian ministry,
came upon them unawares at last. They had no scheme or plot in readiness,
to thwart the action of the cardinals in the election of a successor to
the Pontificate.(21) The Conclave, accordingly, assembled in due course,
and, on the third day of its meeting, elected to the Chair of Peter
Cardinal-Archbishop Pecci, Bishop of Perugia, who will be known in history
as LEO XIII.

--FINIS.--

FOOTNOTES

M1 Further violence.--Attack on the Holy Father.--Murder of Monsignore
Palma.

1 In 1855 the Bonaparte family were without a name in that Europe
where they had possessed so many thrones. One man had compassion on
them, and acted generously, Pius VIII. welcomed them to his States.
A member of this family, Lucien Bonaparte, Napoleon's brother,
having always shown great faithfulness to the Holy See, Pius VIII.
conferred upon him the title of a Roman Prince and the principality
of Canino. Lucien's son has not been gifted to walk in the footsteps
of his honorable father. Balleydier, in his history of the Roman
revolution, thus portrays him: "Versed in dissimulation, Charles
Bonaparte had, under the preceding Pontificate, acted two very
opposite characters. In the morning attending in the ante-chambers
of the Cardinals, in the evening at the Conciliabula of the secret
Societies, he labored to secure, by a double game, the chances of
the present and the probabilities of the future. He had often been
seen going piously to the Vatican even, to lay at the feet of
Gregory XVI. homage which his heart belied." No doubt, in 1847 and
1848, he thought himself an abler man than his father, as he
marched, poignard in hand, at the head of the malcontents of Rome.

M2 The Pope abandoned by his people. The Pope protests against the
Socialist ministry and its acts.
M3 Unsettled state of the European nations.
M4 Pius IX. retires to Gaeta.
M5 Treacherous conduct of sworn servants of the Papacy.
M6 Sentiments and declarations of the Revolutionists.
M7 Wha