forest subject to deforestation as a result
of growing commercial demand for tropical timber; pollution from
mining projects; severe drought

Paracel Islands:
NA

Paraguay:
deforestation (an estimated 2 million hectares of forest
land were lost from 1958-85); water pollution; inadequate means for
waste disposal present health risks for many urban residents

Peru:
deforestation (some the result of illegal logging);
overgrazing of the slopes of the costa and sierra leading to soil
erosion; desertification; air pollution in Lima; pollution of rivers
and coastal waters from municipal and mining wastes

Philippines:
uncontrolled deforestation in watershed areas; soil
erosion; air and water pollution in Manila; increasing pollution of
coastal mangrove swamps which are important fish breeding grounds

Pitcairn Islands:
deforestation (only a small portion of the
original forest remains because of burning and clearing for
settlement)

Poland:
situation has improved since 1989 due to decline in heavy
industry and increased environmental concern by postcommunist
governments; air pollution nonetheless remains serious because of
sulfur dioxide emissions from coal-fired power plants, and the
resulting acid rain has caused forest damage; water pollution from
industrial and municipal sources is also a problem, as is disposal
of hazardous wastes

Portugal:
soil erosion; air pollution caused by industrial and
vehicle emissions; water pollution, especially in coastal areas

Puerto Rico:
erosion; occasional drought causing water shortages

Qatar:
limited natural fresh water resources are increasing
dependence on large-scale desalination facilities

Reunion:
NA

Romania:
soil erosion and degradation; water pollution; air
pollution in south from industrial effluents; contamination of
Danube delta wetlands

Russia:
air pollution from heavy industry, emissions of coal-fired
electric plants, and transportation in major cities; industrial,
municipal, and agricultural pollution of inland waterways and sea
coasts; deforestation; soil erosion; soil contamination from
improper application of agricultural chemicals; scattered areas of
sometimes intense radioactive contamination; ground water
contamination from toxic waste

Rwanda:
deforestation results from uncontrolled cutting of trees for
fuel; overgrazing; soil exhaustion; soil erosion;