hern Ocean:
increased solar ultraviolet radiation resulting from
the Antarctic ozone hole in recent years, reducing marine primary
productivity (phytoplankton) by as much as 15% and damaging the DNA
of some fish; illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing in recent
years, especially the landing of an estimated five to six times more
Patagonian toothfish than the regulated fishery, which is likely to
affect the sustainability of the stock; large amount of incidental
mortality of seabirds resulting from long-line fishing for toothfish

note: the now-protected fur seal population is making a strong
comeback after severe overexploitation in the 18th and 19th centuries

Spain:
pollution of the Mediterranean Sea from raw sewage and
effluents from the offshore production of oil and gas; water quality
and quantity nationwide; air pollution; deforestation;
desertification

Spratly Islands:
NA

Sri Lanka:
deforestation; soil erosion; wildlife populations
threatened by poaching and urbanization; coastal degradation from
mining activities and increased pollution; freshwater resources
being polluted by industrial wastes and sewage runoff; waste
disposal; air pollution in Colombo

Sudan:
inadequate supplies of potable water; wildlife populations
threatened by excessive hunting; soil erosion; desertification

Suriname:
deforestation as timber is cut for export; pollution of
inland waterways by small-scale mining activities

Svalbard:
NA

Swaziland:
limited supplies of potable water; wildlife populations
being depleted because of excessive hunting; overgrazing; soil
degradation; soil erosion

Sweden:
acid rain damaging soils and lakes; pollution of the North
Sea and the Baltic Sea

Switzerland:
air pollution from vehicle emissions and open-air
burning; acid rain; water pollution from increased use of
agricultural fertilizers; loss of biodiversity

Syria:
deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification;
water pollution from dumping of raw sewage and wastes from petroleum
refining; inadequate supplies of potable water

Tajikistan:
inadequate sanitation facilities; increasing levels of
soil salinity; industrial pollution; excessive pesticides; part of
the basin of the shrinking Aral Sea suffers from severe
overutilization of available water for irrigation and associated
pollution

Tanzania:
soil degradation; defor