ive 4 November
1986 and the Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Northern
Mariana Islands effective 1 January 1978

Norway:
17 May 1814, modified in 1884

Oman:
none; note - on 6 November 1996, Sultan QABOOS issued a royal
decree promulgating a new basic law which, among other things,
clarifies the royal succession, provides for a prime minister, bars
ministers from holding interests in companies doing business with
the government, establishes a bicameral legislature, and guarantees
basic civil liberties for Omani citizens

Pakistan:
10 April 1973, suspended 5 July 1977, restored with
amendments 30 December 1985; suspended 15 October 1999

Palau:
1 January 1981

Panama:
11 October 1972; major reforms adopted 1978, 1983 and 1994

Papua New Guinea:
16 September 1975

Paraguay:
promulgated 20 June 1992

Peru:
31 December 1993

Philippines:
2 February 1987, effective 11 February 1987

Pitcairn Islands:
1838; reformed 1904 with additional reforms in
1940; further refined by the Local Government Ordinance of 1964

Poland:
16 October 1997; adopted by the National Assembly 2 April
1997; passed by national referendum 23 May 1997

Portugal:
25 April 1976, revised 30 October 1982, 1 June 1989, 5
November 1992, and 3 September 1997

Puerto Rico:
ratified 3 March 1952; approved by US Congress 3 July
1952; effective 25 July 1952

Qatar:
provisional constitution enacted 19 April 1972; in July 1999
Amir HAMAD issued a decree forming a committee to draft a permanent
constitution

Reunion:
28 September 1958 (French Constitution)

Romania:
8 December 1991

Russia:
adopted 12 December 1993

Rwanda:
on 5 May 1995, the Transitional National Assembly adopted as
Fundamental Law the constitution of 18 June 1991, provisions of the
1993 Arusha peace accord, the July 1994 Declaration by the Rwanda
Patriotic Front, and the November 1994 multiparty protocol of
understanding

Saint Helena:
1 January 1989

Saint Kitts and Nevis:
19 September 1983

Saint Lucia:
22 February 1979

Saint Pierre and Miquelon:
28 September 1958 (French Constitution)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
27 October 1979

Samoa:
1 January 1962

San Marino:
8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the
functions of a constitution

Sao Tome and Principe:
approved March 1990; effective 10 September
1990

Saudi Arabi