and: 1.22 million sq km

water: 20,000 sq km

Area - comparative: slightly less than twice the size of Texas

Land boundaries: total: 7,243 km

border countries: Algeria 1,376 km, Burkina Faso 1,000 km, Guinea
858 km, Cote d'Ivoire 532 km, Mauritania 2,237 km, Niger 821 km,
Senegal 419 km

Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

Climate: subtropical to arid; hot and dry February to June; rainy,
humid, and mild June to November; cool and dry November to February

Terrain: mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand;
savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast

Elevation extremes: lowest point: Senegal River 23 m

highest point: Hombori Tondo 1,155 m

Natural resources: gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone,
uranium, hydropower

note: bauxite, iron ore, manganese, tin, and copper deposits are
known but not exploited

Land use: arable land: 2%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 25%

forests and woodland: 6%

other: 67% (1993 est.)

Irrigated land: 780 sq km (1993 est.)

Natural hazards: hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry
seasons; recurring droughts

Environment - current issues: deforestation; soil erosion;
desertification; inadequate supplies of potable water; poaching

Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity,
Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous
Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Nuclear
Test Ban

Geography - note: landlocked

Mali People

Population: 11,008,518 (July 2001 est.)

Age structure: 0-14 years: 47.2% (male 2,612,215; female 2,583,370)

15-64 years: 49.73% (male 2,610,142; female 2,864,127)

65 years and over: 3.07% (male 158,486; female 180,178) (2001 est.)

Population growth rate: 2.97% (2001 est.)

Birth rate: 48.79 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Death rate: 18.71 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Net migration rate: -0.36 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female

15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female

total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2001 est.)

Infant mortality rate: 121.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)

Life expectancy at birth: total population: 47.02 years

male: 45.84 years

female: 48.24 years