t, they were bound to make proof of their orthodoxy;
and almost every execution mentioned above took place by their order
in 1642, or 1643. After that time they began to listen to the voice of
humanity, and adopted the very expedient which they had so clamorously
condemned. They banished, instead of hanging and quartering.

NOTE H, p. 493.

_Revenue of the Protector._

When the parliament, in 1654, undertook to settle an annual sum on the
protector, Oliver Cromwell, the following, according to the statement of
the sub-committee, was the amount of the revenue in the three kingdoms:--

Excise and customs in England . . . . . . . . . . . L80,000
Excise and customs in Scotland . . . . . . . . . . 10,000
Excise and customs in Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . 20,000
Monthly assessments in England (at 60,0001.) . . . 720,000
Monthly assessments in Ireland (at 8,0001.) . . . . 96,000
Monthly assessments in Scotland (at 8,0001.) . . . 96,000
Crown revenue in Guernsey and Jersey . . . . . . . 2,000
Crown revenue in Scotland . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,000
Estates of papists and delinquents in England . . . 60,000
Estates of papists and delinquents in Scotland . . 30,000
Rent of houses belonging to the crown . . . . . . . 1,250
Post-office . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,000
Exchequer revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,000
Probate of wills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,000
Coinage of tin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,000
Wine licenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,000
Forest of Dean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,000
Fines on alienations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,000
---------
L1,200,000

[From the original report in the collection of Thomas Lloyd, Esq.]

NOTE I, p. 558.

_Principles of the Levellers_.

The following statement of the principles maintained by the Levellers is
extracted from one of their publications, which appeared soon after the
death of Cromwell, entitled "The Leveller; or, The Principles and Maxims
concerning Government and Religion, which are asserted by those that are
commonly called Levellers, 1659."

_Principles of Government_.

1. The government of England ought to be by laws, and not by men; that is,
the laws ought to judge of all offences and offenders, and all punishments
and penalties to be inflicted upon criminals; nor ought the pleasure of his
highness an