unded by Thotmes III., and
whose gate-way Amenophis III. had adorned with immense colossal
statues--[That which stands to the north is the famous musical statue, or
Pillar of Memmon]--exceeded it in the extent of its plan; in every other
respect it held the pre-eminence among the sanctuaries of the Necropolis.
Rameses I. had founded it shortly after he succeeded in seizing the
Egyptian throne; and his yet greater son Seti carried on the erection, in
which the service of the dead for the Manes of the members of the new
royal family was conducted, and the high festivals held in honor of the
Gods of the under-world. Great sums had been expended for its
establishment, for the maintenance of the priesthood of its sanctuary,
and the support of the institutions connected with it. These were
intended to be equal to the great original foundations of priestly
learning at Heliopolis and Memphis; they were regulated on the same
pattern, and with the object of raising the new royal residence of Upper
Egypt, namely Thebes, above the capitals of Lower Egypt in regard to
philosophical distinction.

One of the most important of these foundations was a very celebrated
school of learning.

[Every detail of this description of an Egyptian school is derived
from sources dating from the reign of Rameses II. and his
successor, Merneptah.]

First there was the high-school, in which priests, physicians, judges,
mathematicians, astronomers, grammarians, and other learned men, not only
had the benefit of instruction, but, subsequently, when they had won
admission to the highest ranks of learning, and attained the dignity of
"Scribes," were maintained at the cost of the king, and enabled to pursue
their philosophical speculations and researches, in freedom from all
care, and in the society of fellow-workers of equal birth and identical
interests.

An extensive library, in which thousands of papyrus-rolls were preserved,
and to which a manufactory of papyrus was attached, was at the disposal
of the learned; and some of them were intrusted with the education of the
younger disciples, who had been prepared in the elementary school, which
was also dependent on the House--or university--of Seti. The lower school
was open to every son of a free citizen, and was often frequented by
several hundred boys, who also found night-quarters there. The parents
were of course required either to pay for their maintenance, or to send
due supplies of pr