:=

Of the words commonly used in writing letters the following exceptions
are to be made:

a. When a suffix beginning with a consonant is added to a word ending
in "e":

(1) Only three words drop "e" before adding "ment": judgment,
acknowledgment, argument.

(2) Only one word drops "e" before adding "ful": awful.

(3) Only three words drop "e" before adding "ly":

true--truly
due--duly
whole--wholly

b. When the last syllable of a word ends in "le," "ly" does not make a
new syllable, as: probable---probably, possible--possibly,
simple--simply.

(When "ly" is added to words ending in "l," both "l's" are retained,
as: practical--practically, careful--carefully.)

=IV. Treatment of the final "y"=

1. To form the plural of a noun ending in "y" preceded by a consonant,
change the "y" to "i" and add "es."

lady--ladies
quantity--quantities
quality--qualities

2. When a verb ends in "y" preceded by a consonant, change the "y" to
"i" and add "es" to form the third person singular of the verb. To
form the past tense of the verb, change the "y" to "i" and add "ed."

fry--fries
cry--cries
bury--buried
carry--carried

3. When a word ends in "y" preceded by a vowel, form the plural by
adding "s."

turkey--turkeys
chimney--chimneys
valley--valleys

4. When "y" is preceded by a consonant, change it to "i" before a
suffix which does not begin with "i," as in business, readily,
happiness, etc.

Retain "y" in such words as: hurrying, crying, flying, etc.

=V. Treatment and use of the apostrophe=

1. Put the apostrophe in the place of the absent letter or letters:
aren't, don't, didn't, can't, I'll, etc.

2. Possessives of personal pronouns have no apostrophe, as: its, hers,
ours, yours, etc.

=VI. Irregular Plurals=

Some words ending in "f" or "fe" form their plurals by changing the
"f" or "fe" to "v" and adding "es."

half--halves
knife--knives
life--lives
leaf--leaves
calf--calves
wife--wives

=VII. Confusion of "ei" and "ie"=

NOTE TO TEACHER:--Experimental evidence does not seem to show
that this rule is very effective, but if it is taught, the
following presentation is recommended.

Whenever "i" and "e" occur together in one syllable, and are
pronounced as "[=e]" or "[)e]," it is always "i" before "e" except
after "c" (see). When sounded like "[=a]" it is always "e" before "i."
Some have used the following jingle to help fix the r