island]; they have
a language of their own. On the western outskirts of this province
among its mountains, and within the archbishopric of Manila are some
Negrillos; they are heathen, and natives of the country (which is yet
to be conquered) that is called Zambales. They are very barbarous,
resembling the Chichimecos of Nueva Espana who eat human flesh.

6. Next at 16 deg. latitude and on the western coast [of Luzon], follows
Pamgasinam; it belongs to the bishopric of Cagayan, and is rich in
gold and other products of the soil. The natives have a language of
their own.

7. Ylocos is a province of the same bishopric, and lies next [to
Pamgasinam] on the same coast; it also abounds in the same products
and is very populous. The natives have their own language. Its
latitude is 17 deg.. In the year 1661, these two provinces rebelled;
they were conquered and pacified with extraordinary valor and skill,
by General Francisco de Esteybar with three hundred soldiers. He
punished thirty persons with death and five hundred with slavery.

8. Cagayan is the last province in this arm of the island, and the most
northern, lying in 18 deg. to 19 deg. latitude. It contains many Indians who
are good soldiers. Here is the city of Nueva Segobia, which has few
Spanish residents. It has a bishop and cathedral; an alcalde-mayor,
and a garrison of Spanish soldiers. This province yields the same
products [as the others], and has a distinct language. Almost opposite
this province, to the northeast (that is, between north and east)
is Xapon, a noted empire. It is distant three hundred leguas, and
this voyage is made in sight of land, that of various islands.

9. This arm of land is almost a hundred leguas long and fifty or
sixty wide; on its eastern coast the province of Baler is conquered
and pacified. The region midland of all these five provinces is
called Ytui, and is peopled by heathen Indians, not yet subdued. On
the south lies Pampanga; northward, Cagayan; to the east, Baler;
to the west, Ylocos and Pangasinan. All these provinces have their
alcaldes-mayor. The ports on the eastern coast are mentioned below
in section 91.

10. In the eastern arm of this island of Luzon there are two provinces;
both abound in rice and other products, and are very populous; and each
one has its own distinct language. The first is Tagalos, which begins
at the city of Manila, and belongs wholly to that archbishopric. It
contains the environs of the city;