Porto Rico, but for want of
capital is only about one-half opened up. Nevertheless, it sent to
the Yloilo market in 1892 over 115,000 tons of raw sugar--the largest
crop it has yet produced. In 1850 the Negros sugar yield was 625 tons.

The price of uncleared land there, suitable for sugar-cane cultivation,
in accessible spots, was, say, P35 per acre, and cleared land might
be considered worth about P70 per acre. The yield of sugar-cane may
be estimated at 40 tons per acre on the estates opened up within the
last ten years, whilst the older estates produce per acre nearly 30
tons of cane, but of a quality which gives such a high-class sugar
that it compensates for the decrease in quantity, taking also into
account the economy of manipulating and transporting less bulk.

Otaheiti cane (yellow) is generally planted in Luzon, whilst Java cane
(red) is most common in the southern islands. _Tubo_ is the Tagalog
generic name for sugar-cane.

The following equivalents of Philippine land-measures may be useful,
viz.:--

1 Quinon = 40,000 square varas = 10,000 square brazas.
= 5 cabans = 6.9444 acres = 2.795 hectares.

1 Balita = 4,000 square varas = 1,000 square brazas.
= .69444 acre = .2795 hectare.

1 Loan = 400 square varas = 100 square brazas.
= .06944 acre = .02795 hectare.

1 Square Braza = 3.3611 square English yards.
= 4,355.98 square English inches.

1 Square Vara = .8402 square English yards.
= 1,088.89 square English inches.

1 Acre = 5,760 square varas = 1.44 balitas.
= .72 caban = .404671 hectare.

The average yield of sugar per acre is about as follows, viz.:--

Pampanga Province,
say @ 6 1/2% extraction = 1.95 Tons of Sugar.
Other Northern provinces,
say @ 5 1/2% extraction = 1.65 Tons of Sugar.
Negros Island (with almost exclusively European mills),
say @ 7 1/2% extraction = 2.75 Tons of Sugar.

From Yloilo the sugar is chiefly exported to the United States,
where there is a demand for raw material only from the Philippines
for the purpose of refining, whilst from Manila a certain
quantity of crystal-grain sugar is sent, ready for consumption,
to Spain. Consequently, in the Island of Luzon, a higher class of
machinery is employed. In 1890 there were five