minutest particulars. When a stand against England was to be taken, in
worship, or inquisition into matters of religions dissent, and woman's
apparel, Endicot became Governor (according to the "advice of the
Elders" in such matters), and Winthrop was induced to be Deputy
Governor, although the latter was hardly second to the former in the
spirit and acts of religious persecution. He had been a wealthy man in
England, and was well educated and amiable; but after his arrival at
Massachusetts Bay he seems to have wanted firmness to resist the
intolerant spirit and narrow views of Endicot. He died in 1649. Mr.
Palfrey remarks: "Whether it was owing to solicitude as to the course of
affairs in England after the downfall of the Royal power, or to the
absence of the moderating influence of Winthrop, or to sentiments
engendered, on the one hand by the alarm from the Presbyterians in 1646,
and on the other by the confidence inspired by the [Congregational]
Synod in 1648, or to all these causes in their degree, the years 1650
and 1651 appear to have been some of more than common sensibility in
Massachusetts to danger from _Heretics_."[100]

In 1650, the General Court condemned, and ordered to be publicly burnt,
a book entitled "The Meritorious Price of our Redemption, Justification,
etc., Clearing of some Common Errors," written and published in England,
by Mr. Pynchion, "an ancient and venerable magistrate." This book was
deficient in orthodoxy, in the estimation of Mr. Endicot and his
colleagues, was condemned to be burnt, and the author was summoned to
answer for it at the bar of the inquisitorial court. His explanation was
unsatisfactory; and he was commanded to appear a second time, under a
penalty of one hundred pounds; but he returned to England, and left his
inquisitors without further remedy.

"About the same time," says Mr. Palfrey, "the General Court had a
difficulty with the Church of Malden. Mr. Marmaduke Matthews having
'given offence to magistrates, elders, and many brethren, in some unsafe
and unsound expressions in his public teaching,' and the Church of
Malden having proceeded to ordain him, in disregard of remonstrances
from 'both magistrates, ministers, and churches,' Matthews was fined ten
pounds for assuming the sacred office, and the Church was summoned to
make its defence" (Massachusetts Records, III., 237); which "failing to
do satisfactorily, it was punished by a fine of fifty pounds--Mr.
Hathorne, Mr.