. 22, which imposed duties for the purpose of raising a revenue in
America, extend the power of the Admiralty Courts beyond their ancient
limits; deprive the American subject of trial by jury; authorize the
judge's certificate to indemnify the prosecutor from damages that he
might otherwise be liable to; requiring oppressive security from a
claimant of ships and goods seized, before he shall be allowed to defend
his property, and are subversive of American rights.

"Also 12 Geo. III. chap. 24, intituled 'An Act for the better securing
his Majesty's dockyards, magazines, ships, ammunition, and stores,'
which declares a new offence in America, and deprives the American
subject of a constitutional trial by a jury of the vicinage, by
authorizing the trial of any person charged with the committing of any
offence described in the said Act, out of the realm, to be indicted and
tried for the same in any shire or county within the realm.

"Also the three Acts passed in the last session of Parliament, for
stopping the port and blocking up the harbour of Boston, for altering
the Charter and Government of Massachusetts Bay, and that which is
intituled 'An Act for the better administration of justice,' etc.

"Also, the Act passed in the same session for establishing the Roman
Catholic religion in the province of Quebec, abolishing the equitable
system of English laws, and erecting a tyranny there, to the great
danger (from so total a dissimilarity of religion, law, and government)
of the neighbouring British colonies, by the assistance of whose blood
and treasure the said country was conquered from France.

"Also, the Act passed in the same session for the better providing
suitable quarters for officers and soldiers in his Majesty's service in
North America.

"Also, that the keeping a standing army in several of these colonies, in
time of peace, without the consent of the Legislature of that colony in
which such army is kept, is against law.

"To these grievous Acts and measures, Americans cannot submit; but in
hopes their fellow-subjects in Great Britain will, on a revision of
them, restore us to that state in which both countries found happiness
and prosperity, we have for the present only resolved to pursue the
following peaceable measures: 1. To enter into a non-importation,
non-consumption, and non-exportation agreement or association; 2. To
prepare an address to the people of Great Britain, and a memorial to the
inhabita