into four groups:--the Baltic Finns, the Finns in the
Governments of the Volga, the Cis-Oural and the Trans-Oural Finns.

(a) The Baltic Finns: the Chouds (in the Governments of Novgorod
and Olonetz); the Livonians (in Courland); the Esthonians (in the
Governments of Esthonia, Livonia, Vitebsk, Pskov, and St. Petersburg);
the Lopari (in northern Finland and in the Government of Archangel);
the Corelians (in the Government of Archangel, Novgorod, Olonetz,
St. Petersburg, Tver, and Jaroslav); Evremeiseti (in the Governments
of Novgorod and St. Petersburg), Savakoti, Vod, and Izhora.

(b) To the Finns of the Governments of the Volga, who have become
almost lost in the Russians, belong the Cheremisians (in the Governments
of Kazan, Viatka, Kostroma, Nijni-Novgorod, Orenburg and Perm).

(c) To the Cis-Uralian Finns, who occupy the country from the borders
of Finland to the Oural, belong the Permiaks (in the Governments
of Viatka and Perm); Ziranians (in the Governments of Archangel
and Vologda); Votiaks (in the Governments of Viatka and Kazan);
and Vogoulichi (in the Governments of Perm).

(d) Among the Trans-Oural Finns are also to be numbered the Ziranians
and Vogoulichi (the first in the Government of Tobolsk, and the
second in the Governments of Tobolsk and Tomsk); and the Ostiaks,
who, according to the places of their habitation, are called Obski
and Berezovski.

The Finns amount altogether to 2,100,000.

3. The Samoyeds, in number 70,000, live in the territory extending
from the White Sea to the Yenesei; to these belong the Samoyeds
properly so called, the Narimski and the Yenesei Ostiaks, the Olennie
Choukchi, etc.

4. The Mongolo-Manzhourian race amounting to 400,000. Among this
race may be remarked the Mongolians properly so called, on the
Selenga; the Kalmucks, a nomad people in the Government of Astrakhan,
as also in Tomsk, in the country of the Don Cossacks, and partly
in the Government of Stavropol. The Kalmucks appeared first on
the eastern confines of Russia in the year 1630. About a century
later we find them become the regular subjects of the Tsar. They
seem, however, to have found the Russian yoke irksome, and resolved
to return to their original home on the coasts of Lake Balkach,
and at the foot of the Altai Mountains. Nearly the whole nation,
amounting to almost 300,000 persons, began their march in the winter
of 1770-71. The passage of this vast horde lasted for weeks, but the
rear were preven