rotestants in the island.

James rejected the advice with indignation. Lewis also rejected it,
but without the indignation you would expect in a most Christian king,
and without thinking the adviser unworthy of his service. D'Avaux
relates it all, without reserve, in his despatches, which are among
the curiosities of History. They were printed at the Foreign Office,
and never published. The only copy I ever saw was uncut when it came
into my hands.

In spite of these discordant counsels, the Jacobite prospects in
Ireland brightened when a fleet of seventy-eight ships sailed from
Brest. "If they were only commanded by De Ruyter," said Louvois,
whose control stopped with the shore, "there would be something to
hope for." Instead of De Ruyter, Tourville defeated the combined
Dutch and English at Beachy Head. The allies lost sixteen ships out
of fifty-eight; the French not one. Tourville was master of the
Channel. Torrington left the Dutch to do the fighting, and kept as
far as he could from the scene of danger. He had to lament the death
of his favourite dog. They said that the dog died the death of an
admiral, and the admiral lived the life of a dog. That 30th of June
is the most disgraceful date in our naval annals.

On the following day the battle of the Boyne was won not in the
legendary manner, by William, with his sword in his left hand, or
Schomberg, plunging into the river to meet a soldiers death, but by
the younger Schomberg, who crossed higher up and outflanked the
French. Tourville's victory, after that, was entirely useless.
William offered an amnesty, which was frustrated by the English hunger
for Irish estates; and the capitulation of Limerick, rejected by the
Irish parliament, gave it the name of the City of the Broken Treaty.

The reign of James came to an end when he fled from the Boyne to St.
Germains. He became the king of the Nonjurors. In 1693, when the
French had been victorious at Steenkerk and Landen, he issued a
Declaration, with the doubting approval of French divines, which the
nonjuring bishops repudiated. Such concessions, they affirmed, would
ruin the monarchy. Kerr was of the same opinion; but he went on to
say that when the Declaration had served its purpose and restored the
king, he would not be bound to observe it. The war was unprofitable
to the allies on land; but after the victory of La Hogue the three
kingdoms were safe from invasion. This is the war to which we