ere greatly handicapped by the size
of the ships, etc. (cf. _Friends' View_, etc., pp. 33-41).
They nevertheless acted with great zeal.

[137] _Parliamentary Papers_, 1821, Vol. XXIII., _Slave
Trade_, Further Papers, A, p. 76. The names and description of
a dozen or more American slavers are given: _Ibid._, pp.
18-21.

[138] _House Reports_, 17 Cong. 1 sess. II. No. 92, pp. 15-20.

[139] _House Doc._, 18 Cong. 1 sess. VI. No. 119, p. 13.

[140] _Parliamentary Papers_, 1823, Vol. XVIII., _Slave
Trade_, Further Papers, A, pp. 10-11.

[141] _Opinions of Attorneys-General_, V. 717.

[142] R.W. Habersham to the Secretary of the Navy, August,
1821; reprinted in _Friends' View_, etc., p. 47.

[143] _Ibid._, p. 42.

[144] _Ibid._, p. 43.

[145] Cf. above, pp. 126-7.

[146] _Friends' View_, etc., p. 42.

[147] A few accounts of captures here and there would make the
matter less suspicious; these, however, do not occur. How
large this suspected illicit traffic was, it is of course
impossible to say; there is no reason why it may not have
reached many hundreds per year.

[148] Cf. editorial in _Niles's Register_, XXII. 114. Cf. also
the following instances of pardons:--

PRESIDENT JEFFERSON: March 1, 1808, Phillip M. Topham,
convicted for "carrying on an illegal slave-trade" (pardoned
twice). _Pardons and Remissions_, I. 146, 148-9.

PRESIDENT MADISON: July 29, 1809, fifteen vessels arrived at
New Orleans from Cuba, with 666 white persons and 683 negroes.
Every penalty incurred under the Act of 1807 was remitted.
(Note: "Several other pardons of this nature were granted.")
_Ibid._, I. 179.

Nov. 8, 1809, John Hopkins and Lewis Le Roy, convicted for
importing a slave. _Ibid._, I. 184-5.

Feb. 12, 1810, William Sewall, convicted for importing slaves.
_Ibid._, I. 194, 235, 240.

May 5, 1812, William Babbit, convicted for importing slaves.
_Ibid._, I. 248.

PRESIDENT MONROE: June 11, 1822, Thomas Shields, convicted for
bringing slaves into New Orleans. _Ibid._, IV. 15.

Aug. 24, 1822, J.F. Smith, sentenced to five years'
imprisonment and $3000 fine; served twenty-five months and was
then pardoned. _Ibid._, IV. 22.

July 23, 1823, certain parties liable to penalties for
introducing slaves into Alabama. _Ibid._, IV