1848, 1851, 1871, 1874, 1882, 1885.

[83] See the resolutions of the two women's congresses, Paris, 1900.

[84] _Le mouvement feministe_, Countess Marie de Villermont.

[85] _Le feminisme_, Emile Ollivier.

[86] Miss Chauvin made a similar request of the French Chamber of
Deputies; as we have seen, her request was granted. Dr. Popelin did not
make her request of the Belgian Chamber of Deputies, which had not a
Republican majority. Dr. Popelin may have considered such a step hopeless.

[87] Since 1899 special socialistic workingwomen's congresses have been
held.

[88] See the action of the Socialists in Sweden and in Hungary.

[89] Else Hasse, _Neue Bahnen_.

[90] The recognized gallant of a married woman. [Tr.]

[91] Marianne Weber, _Zentralblatt_.

[92] But only the enlightened clergy--those living in Rome--consent to the
higher education of girls.

[93] _Dokumente der Frauen_, June 1, 1901.

[94] See Stanton, _The Woman's Rights Movement in Europe_.

[95] _El Feminismo_, 1899.

[96] See the Report of the International Suffrage Congress, Washington,
1902.

[97] See the Report of the International Suffrage Congress, Washington,
1902.

[98] This has just been organized.

[99] The following statistics are significant: Between January 1 and July
1, 1908, Russia showed an increase in the consumption of alcoholic
liquors. The total amount of spirits consumed was 40,887,509 _vedros_ (1
_vedro_ is 3.25 gallons), which is an increase of 600,185 _vedros_ over
the amount consumed during the same months of the preceding year. These
figures correspond also to the government's income from its monopoly on
spirits; this was 327,795,312 rubles (a ruble is worth 51.5 cents), an
increase of 3,745,836 rubles over the same months of the preceding year.

[100] See the very interesting article _Frauenbewegung_ (_The Woman's
Rights Movement_), by Berta Kes, Moscow.

[101] See Berta Kes, _Frauenbewegung_.

[102] See _Documents Concerning Women_ (_Dokumente der Frauen_), April 15,
1900.

[103] I am indebted to Mrs. Eudokimoff, of St. Petersburg, for an English
translation of the resolutions, the address of the Lord Mayor, and the
proceedings against the deputy of the Duma; also for a biography of Mrs.
v. Philosophow.

[104] Springtime.

[105] A doctor employed by a workingmen's association. [Tr.]

[106] Dr. Schirmacher treats Russian Poland here with Galicia, which is
Austrian Poland. [Tr.]

[107] _Dokumente de