th.

NOTE 5.--"Filial piety is the fundamental principle of the Chinese
polity." (_Amiot_, V. 129.) "In cases of extreme unfilial conduct, parents
sometimes accuse their children before the magistrate, and demand his
official aid in controlling or punishing them; but such instances are
comparatively rare.... If the parent require his son to be publicly
whipped by the command of the magistrate, the latter is obliged to order
the infliction of the whipping.... If after punishment the son remain
undutiful and disobedient, and his parents demand it at the hands of the
magistrate, the latter must, with the consent of the maternal uncles of
the son, cause him to be taken out to the high wall in front of the yamun,
and have him there publicly whipped to death." (_Doolittle_, 102-103.)

NOTE 6.--[Mr. Rockhill writes to me that pocket-spitoons are still used in
China.--H. C.]

[1] "In the worship carried on here the Emperor acts as a high priest. HE
only worships; and no subject, however high in rank, can join in the
adoration." (_Lockhart_.) The actual temple dates from 1420-1430; but
the _Institution_ is very ancient, and I think there is evidence that
such a structure existed under the Mongols, probably only _restored_
by the Ming. [It was built during the 18th year of the reign of the
third Ming Emperor Yung Loh (1403-1425); it was entirely restored
during the 18th year of K'ien Lung; it was struck by lightning and
burnt down in 1889; it is being re-built.--H. C.]

[2] In 1871 I saw in Bond Street an exhibition of (so-called) "spirit"
drawings, i.e. drawings alleged to be executed by a "medium" under
extraneous and invisible guidance. A number of these extraordinary
productions (for extraordinary they were undoubtedly) professed to
represent the "Spiritual Flowers" of such and such persons; and the
explanation of this as presented in the catalogue was in substance
exactly that given in the text. It is highly improbable that the
artist had any cognizance of Schott's Essay, and the coincidence was
assuredly very striking.

END OF VOL I.

[Illustration: MARCO POLO'S ITINERARIES No. IV
(Book I, Chapter 36 to end & chief part of Book II.)]

[Illustration: PLAN OF SHANGTU
From an Eye Sketch by Dr. S W Bushell 1872]

[Illustration: Archway erected under the Mongol Dynasty at Kiu Yung Kwan,
N.W. of Peking.[1]]

[1] On the walls of this archway is