of labor force; output subject to
severe fluctuations because of frequent droughts; export crops - olives,
dates, oranges, almonds; other products - grain, sugar beets, wine grapes,
poultry, beef, dairy; not self-sufficient in food; fish catch of 99,200
metric tons (1987)
Economic aid:
US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $730 million; Western (non-US)
countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $5.2 billion; OPEC
bilateral aid (1979-89), $684 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $410
million
Currency:
Tunisian dinar (plural - dinars); 1 Tunisian dinar (TD) = 1,000 millimes
Exchange rates:
Tunisian dinars (TD) per US$1 - 0.9272 (March 1992), 0.9246 (1991), 0.8783
(1990), 0.9493 (1989), 0.8578 (1988), 0.8287 (1987)

:Tunisia Economy

Fiscal year:
calendar year

:Tunisia Communications

Railroads:
2,115 km total; 465 km 1.435-meter (standard) gauge; 1,650 km 1.000-meter
gauge
Highways:
17,700 km total; 9,100 km bituminous; 8,600 km improved and unimproved earth
Pipelines:
crude oil 797 km, petroleum products 86 km, natural gas 742 km
Ports:
Bizerte, Gabes, Sfax, Sousse, Tunis, La Goulette, Zarzis
Merchant marine:
21 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 160,069 GRT/218,791 DWT; includes 1
short-sea passenger, 4 cargo, 2 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 2 petroleum tanker,
6 chemical tanker, 1 liquefied gas, 5 bulk
Civil air:
19 major transport aircraft
Airports:
29 total, 26 usable; 13 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways
over 3,659 m; 7 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 7 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications:
the system is above the African average; facilities consist of open-wire
lines, coaxial cable, and radio relay; key centers are Sfax, Sousse,
Bizerte, and Tunis; 233,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 7 AM, 8 FM, 19
TV; 5 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT
and 1 ARABSAT with back-up control station; coaxial cable to Algeria and
Libya; radio relay to Algeria, and Libya

:Tunisia Defense Forces

Branches:
Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary forces, National Guard
Manpower availability:
males 15-49, 2,117,864; 1,217,819 fit for military service; 88,619 reach
military age (20) annually
Defense expenditures:
exchange rate conversion - $520 million, 5% of GDP (1992 budget)

:Turkey Geography

Total area: