Inland waterways:
about 1,200 km
Pipelines:
crude oil 1,738 km, petroleum products 2,321 km, natural gas 708 km
Ports:
Iskenderun, Istanbul, Mersin, Izmir
Merchant marine:
353 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,056,455 GRT/7,143,096 DWT; includes
7 short-sea passenger, 1 passenger-cargo, 191 cargo, 1 container, 5
roll-on/roll-off cargo, 3 refrigerated cargo, 1 livestock carrier, 37
petroleum tanker, 9 chemical tanker, 3 liquefied gas, 10 combination
ore/oil, 1 specialized tanker, 80 bulk, 4 combination bulk
Civil air:
52 major transport aircraft (1991)
Airports:
109 total, 104 usable; 65 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways
over 3,659 m; 30 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 27 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications:
fair domestic and international systems; trunk radio relay network; limited
open wire network; 3,400,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 15 AM; 94 FM;
357 TV; 1 satellite ground station operating in the INTELSAT (2 Atlantic
Ocean) and EUTELSAT systems; 1 submarine cable

:Turkey Defense Forces

Branches:
Land Forces, Navy (including Naval Air and Naval Infantry), Air Force, Coast
Guard, Gendarmerie
Manpower availability:
males 15-49, 15,274,591; 9,330,851 fit for military service; 597,814 reach
military age (20) annually
Defense expenditures:
exchange rate conversion - $5.2 billion, 3-4% of GDP (1992 budget)

:Turkmenistan Geography

Total area:
488,100 km2
Land area:
488,100 km2
Comparative area:
slightly larger than California
Land boundaries:
3,736 km total; Afghanistan 744 km, Iran 992 km, Kazakhstan 379 km,
Uzbekistan 1,621 km
Coastline:
0 km
note:
Turkmenistan does border the Caspian Sea (1,768 km)
Maritime claims:
none - landlocked
Disputes:
none
Climate:
subtropical desert
Terrain:
flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; borders Caspian Sea in west
Natural resources:
petroleum, natural gas, coal, sulphur, salt, magnesium
Land use:
NA% arable land; NA% permanent crops; NA% meadows and pastures; NA% forest
and woodland; NA% other; includes NA% irrigated
Environment:
NA
Note:
landlocked

:Turkmenistan People

Population:
3,838,108 (July 1992), growth rate 2.4% (1992)
Birth rate:
36 births/1,000 population (1992)
Death rate:
9 deaths/1,000 population (1992)
Net migration rate:
-3 migrants/1