(_principia_) of the
complementary constitutions and decretals; but the result was
practically _nil_ and the popes gave up this system of successive
additions. It was, however, found expedient to publish a new official
collection. At the instance of the university of Bologna, Boniface
VIII., himself an eminent canonist, had this prepared by a committee of
canonists and published it in 1298. As it came as an addition to the
five books of Gregory IX., it was called the sixth book, the _Liber
Sextus_. It includes the constitutions subsequent to 1234, and notably
the decrees of the two ecumenical councils of Lyons, and is arranged in
books and titles, as above described; the last title, _de regulis
juris_, contains no less than eighty-eight legal axioms, mostly borrowed
from Roman law. The _Liber Sextus_ is cited like the decretals of
Gregory IX., only with the addition of: _in sexto_ (in VI^o.).

The "Clementinae."

The same observations apply to the next collection, the _Clementinae_.
It was prepared under the care of Clement V., and even promulgated by
him in consistory in March 1314; but in consequence of the death of the
pope, which took place almost immediately after, the publication and
despatch of the collection to the universities was postponed till 1317,
under John XXII. It includes the constitutions of Clement V., and above
all, the decrees of the council of Vienne of 1311, and is divided, like
preceding collections, into books and titles; it is cited in the same
way, with the additional indication _Clem-(entina)_.

"Extravagantes" of John XXII.

And "communes."

At this point the official collections stop. The two last, which have
found a place in the editions of the _Corpus_, are collections of
private authority, but in which all the documents are authentic.
Evidently the strict prohibition of the publishing of collections not
approved by the Holy See had been forgotten. The _Extravagantes_ (i.e.
_extra collectiones publicas_) of John XXII. number 20, and are
classified under fourteen titles. The _Extravagantes communes (i.e._
coming from several popes) number 73, from Boniface VIII. to Sixtus IV.
(1484), and are classified in books and titles. These two collections
were included in the edition of Jean Chappuis in 1500; they passed into
the later editions, and are considered as forming part of the _Corpus
juris canonici_. As such, and without receiving any complementary
authority, they have been