entioned above, for example the
Rayner, Kirkaldy, Merlees, Normand; the United States navy has adopted
a form designed by the Bureau of Engineering.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.--The general practice of laboratory distillation is
discussed in all treatises on practical organic chemistry; reference
may be made to Lassar-Cohn, _Manual of Organic Chemistry_ (1896), and
_Arbeitsmethoden fur organisch-chemische Laboratorien_ (1901); Hans
Meyer, _Analyse und Konstitutionermittlung organischer Verbindungen_
(1909). The theory of distillation finds a place in all treatises on
physical chemistry. Of especial importance is Sidney Young,
_Fractional Distillation_ (1903). The history of distillation is to be
studied in E. Gildemeister and F. Hoffmann, _Die atherischen Ole_
(Berlin, 1899; Eng. tr. by E. Kremers, Milwaukee Press, 1900). The
technology of distillation is best studied in relation to the several
industries in which it is employed; reference should be made to the
articles COAL-TAR, GAS, PETROLEUM, SPIRITS, NITRIC ACID, &c.
(C. E.*)

DISTRACTION (from Lat. _distrahere_, to pull asunder), a drawing away or
apart; a word now used generally of a state of mind, to mean a diversion
of attention, or a violent emotion amounting almost to madness.

DISTRESS (from the O. Fr. _destrece_, _destresse_, from the past
participle of the Lat. _distringere_, to pull apart, used in Late Lat.
in the sense of to punish, hence to distrain), pressure, especially of
sorrow, pain or ill-fortune. As a legal term, the action of distraining
or distraint, the right which a landlord has of seizing the personal
chattels of his tenant for non-payment of rent. Cattle _damage feasant_
(doing damage or trespassing upon a neighbour's land) may also be
_distrained_, i.e. may be detained until satisfaction be rendered for
injury they have done. The cattle or other animals thus distrained are a
mere pledge in the hands of the injured person, who has only power to
retain them until the owner appear to make satisfaction for the mischief
they have done. "Distress damage feasant" is also applicable to
inanimate things on the land if doing damage thereto or to its produce;
things in actual use, however, are exempt. Such distress must be made
during the actual trespass, and by whoever is aggrieved by the damage.
Distress for rent was also at one time regarded as a mere pledge or
security; but the remedy, having been found to be