he pneumatic lever has been claimed for Mr.
Hamilton, of Edinburgh, Scotland. It is, however, generally credited
to Barker and known as the "Barker pneumatic lever." (See also note
about Joseph Booth, page 129.)

[2] Barker was also associated with Peschard, who in 1864 patented
jointly with him the electro-pneumatic action. (See page 37.)

[3] The pressure of the wind supplied by the old horizontal bellows is
regulated by the weights placed on top. The amount of this pressure is
measured by a wind-gauge or anemometer invented by Christian Foermer
about 1677. It is a bent glass tube, double U shaped, into which a
little water is poured. On placing one end of it fitted with a socket
into one of the holes in the wind-chest (in place of a pipe) and
admitting the wind from the bellows the water is forced up the tube,
and the difference between the level of the surface of the water in the
two legs of the tube is measured in inches. Thus, we always talk of
the pressure of wind in an organ as being so many inches.

[4] The organ in Great Homer Street Wesleyan Chapel, Liverpool,
England, had manuals extending down to CCC. It was built for a man who
could not play the pedals and thus obtained 16 ft. tone from the keys.
The old gallery organ in Trinity Church, New York, also has this
compass.

[5] Tenor C is the lowest note of the tenor voice or the tenor violin
(viola). It is one octave from the bottom note of a modern organ
keyboard, which is called CC. The lowest note of the pedal-board is
CCC. Counting from the bottom upwards on the manual we have,
therefore, CC (double C), C (tenor C), c (middle C), c|1| (treble C),
c|2| (C in alt) and c|3| (C in altissimo). This is the highest note on
the keyboard of 61 keys. According to the modern nomenclature of the
_pianoforte_ keyboard this note is c|4|, and is frequently so stated
erroneously in organ specifications.

GG is four notes below CC, _the break in the scale coming between GG
and FFF_. Tenor C is an important note to remember. Here is where the
cheap builder came in again. He cut his stops short at tenor C,
trusting to the pedal pipes to cover the deficiency.

* * * * * *

[Illustration: PROSPER-ANTOINE MOITESSIER, INVENTOR OF TUBULAR
PNEUMATIC ACTION]

In the year 1845, Prosper-Antoine Moitessier, an organ-builder of
Montpellier, France, patented what he called "_abrege pneumatique_," an
organ action in which all back