t the tuning wire fits snugly therein.

In Figure 35 another method used by him for accomplishing the same
purpose is shown. In this case a lug L is cast upon the block,
forming, indeed, a portion of said block. The lower end of lug L is
formed into a V, which partly embraces a tuning wire and supports it in
such manner as to prevent improper movement of said tuning wire at
point A.

When this method of construction is employed, the reeds are very much
easier to tune, and, when once tuned, will stand infinitely better than
reeds made in the ordinary way.

[1] Some organs have been made (notably that in Temple Church, London)
with separate keys for the flats and sharps.

CHAPTER XII.

PROGRESS OF THE REVOLUTION IN OUR OWN COUNTRY.

In the study of the art of organ-building one cannot fail to be struck
by the fact that almost all the great steps in advance have been due to
Englishmen: the compound horizontal bellows, the concussion bellows,
the swell box, the pneumatic lever, the tubular-pneumatic action, the
electro-pneumatic action, the Universal air chest, the leathered lip,
the clothed flue, the diaphone, smooth reed tone, imitative string
tone, the vowel cavity, tone reflectors, cement swell boxes, the sound
trap joint, suitable bass, the unit organ, movable console, radiating
and concave pedal board, combination pedals, combination pistons and
keys, the rotary blower--and many other items--were the inventions and
work of Englishmen.

Speaking in general terms, this country lagged very far behind not only
England, but also behind France, and even Germany, in the art of
organ-building until comparatively a few years ago.

It has recently advanced with extraordinary rapidity, and if it be not
yet in the position of leader, it is certainly now well abreast of
other nations.

Hilborne Roosevelt constructed a number of beautiful organs in this
country, beginning his work about the year 1874. While his organs
altogether lacked the impressive dignity of the best European
instruments of the period, they were marked by beauty of finish and
artistic care in construction. He invented the adjustable combination
action, and this forms about all his original contribution destined to
live and influence the organ of the future. Nevertheless, his marks on
organ-building in this country were great and wholly beneficial. He
studied the art in Europe (especially France) and introduced into this
country many f