by demanding the use of military force against them. Now
that the victorious Third-Estate has again overcome them and overwhelms
them with numbers, they become still more maladroit, and conduct the
defense much less efficiently than the attack. "In the Assembly," says
one of them, "they do not listen, but laugh and talk aloud;" they
take pains to embitter their adversaries and the galleries by their
impertinence. "They leave the chamber when the President puts the
question and invite the deputies of their party to follow them, or
cry out to them not to take part in the deliberation: through this
desertion, the clubbists become the majority, and decree whatever they
please." It is in this way that the appointment of judges and bishops
is withdrawn from the King and assigned to the people. Again, after the
return from Varennes, when the Assembly finds out that the result of its
labors is impracticable and wants to make it less democratic, the whole
of the right side refuses to share in the debates, and, what is worse,
votes with the revolutionaries to exclude the members of the Constituent
from the Legislative Assembly. Thus, not only does it abandon its
own cause, but it commits self-destruction, and its desertion ends in
suicide.--

A second party remains, "the middle party,"[2130] which consists of
well-intentioned people from every class, sincere partisans of a good
government; but, unfortunately, they have acquired their ideas of
government from books, and are admirable on paper. But as it happens
that the men who live in the world are very different from imaginary men
who dwell in the heads of philosophers, it is not to be wondered at if
the systems taken out of books are fit for nothing but to be upset by
another book. Intellects of this stamp are the natural prey of utopians.
Lacking the ballast of experience they are carried away by pure logic
and serve to enlarge the flock of theorists.--The latter form the third
party, which is called the "enrages (the wild men), and who, at the
expiration of six months, find themselves "the most numerous of all."

"It is composed," says Morris, "of that class which in America is known
by the name of pettifogging lawyers, together with a host of curates and
many of those persons who in all revolutions throng to the standard
of change because they are not well.[2131] This last party is in close
alliance with the populace and derives from this circumstance very great
authority."