S, JEFFERSON. Born in Christian County, Kentucky, June 3, 1808;
graduated at West Point, 1828; Democratic member of Congress from
Mississippi, 1845-46; served in Mexican war, 1846-47; United States
senator, 1847-51; secretary of war, 1853-57; senator, 1857-61; resigned
his seat, January 21, 1861; inaugurated President of the Confederacy,
February 22, 1862; arrested near Irwinsville, Georgia, May 10, 1865;
imprisoned at Fortress Monroe, Virginia, 1865-67; amnestied, 1868; died
at New Orleans, December 6, 1889.

STEPHENS, ALEXANDER HAMILTON. Born near Crawfordville, Georgia, February
11, 1812; graduated at University of Georgia, 1832; member of State
legislature, 1836; member of Congress, 1843-59; Vice-President of the
Confederacy, 1861-65; imprisoned in Fort Warren, Boston harbor,
May-October, 1865; member of Congress, 1873-82; governor of Georgia,
1883; died at Atlanta, Georgia, March 4, 1883.

BLAINE, JAMES GILLESPIE. Born at West Brownsville, Pennsylvania, January
31, 1830; member of Congress from Maine, 1862-76; senator, 1876-81;
secretary of state, 1881 and 1889-92; unsuccessful candidate of
Republican party for President, 1884; died at Washington, January 27,
1893.

* * * * *

CHAPTER VI

PIONEERS

The settlers in America did not find an unoccupied country of which they
were free to take possession, but a land in which dwelt a savage and
warlike people, who had been named Indians, because the first voyagers
supposed that it was the Indies they had discovered. The name has clung,
in spite of the attempts of scientists to fasten upon them the name
Amerinds, to distinguish them from the inhabitants of India. Indians
they will probably always remain, a standing evidence of the confusion
of thought of the early voyagers.

That the Indians owned the country there can be no question; but
civilization has never stopped to consider the claims of savage peoples,
and it did not in this case. Might made right; besides, the Indians,
consisting of scattered, semi-nomadic tribes, seemed to have no use for
the great territory they occupied. Indeed, they themselves, at first,
welcomed the white-skinned newcomers; but they soon grew jealous of
encroachments which never ceased, and at last fought step by step for
their country. They were driven back, defeated, exterminated. But in the
early years, no settlement was safe, and every man was, in a sense, a
pioneer.

The French, in thei