es forth with their armies, and enables them
to extend their dominions--he chases their enemies before them, causes
opposition to cease, and brings them back with victory to their own
countries. Besides this, he helps them to sway the sceptre of power,
and to rule over their subjects with authority. It seems that, from
observing the manifest agency of the material sun in stimulating all the
functions of nature, the Chaldaeans came to the conclusion that the
sun-god exerted a similar influence on the minds of men, and was the
great motive agent in human history.

The chief seats of the sun-god's worship in Chaldaea appear to have been
the two famous cities of Larsa (Ellasar?) and Sippara. The great temple
of the Sun, called Bit-Parra, at the former place, was erected by Urukh,
repaired by more than one of the later Chaldaean monarchs, and completely
restored by Nebuchadnezzar. At Sippara, the worship of the sun-god was
so predominant, that Abydenus, probably following Berosus, calls the town
Heliopolis. There can be little doubt that the Adrammelech, or
"Fire-king," whose worship the Sepharvites (or people of Sippara)
introduced into Samaria, was this deity. Sippara is called Tsipar sha
Shamas, "Sippara of the Sun," in various inscriptions, and possessed a
temple of the god which was repaired and adorned by many of the ancient
Chaldaean kings, as well as by Nebuchadnezzar and Nabonidus.

The general prevalence of San's worship is indicated most clearly by the
cylinders. Few comparatively of those which have any divine symbol upon
them are without his. The symbol is either a simple circle, a quartered
disk a four-rayed orb of a more elaborate character.

[Illustration: PAGE 83]

San or Sansi had a wife, Ai, Gula, or Anunit, of whom it now follows to
speak.

Al, GULA, or ANUNIT.

Ai, Gula, or Anunit, was the female power of the sun, and was commonly
associated with San in temples and invocations. Her names are of
uncertain signification, except the second, Gula, which undoubtedly means
"great," being so translated in the vocabularies. It is suspected that
the three terms may have been attached respectively to the "rising," the
"culminating," and the "setting sun," since they do not appear to
interchange; while the name Gula is distinctly stated in one inscription
to belong to the "great" goddess, "the wife of the meridian Sun." It is
perhaps an objection to this view, that the male Sun, who is decidedly
t