p. 92-93.]

[Footnote FG: Con. Gen. H.B. Miller, Yokohama, in Con. Repts., no. 32,
pp. 120-121, May, 1907.]

[Footnote FH: Vice Con. Gen. E.G. Babbitt, Yokohama, in Con. Repts., no.
344, p. 216, May, 1909.]

[Footnote FI: Japan Year Book, 1911.]

[Footnote FJ: U.S. Con. Gen. Thomas Sammons, Yokohama, in Daily Con.
Repts., no. 38, Aug. 17, 1910.]

[Footnote FK: Japan Year Book, 1911.]

[Footnote FL: U.S. Ambassador Thomas J. O'Brien, Tokyo, in Daily Con.
Repts., no. 123, May 26, 1911.]

[Footnote FM: Lloyd's Register, 1910-11.]

[Footnote FN: Japan Year Book, 1911.]

CHAPTER XII

SOUTH AMERICA

Brazil gives subventions from the Federal treasury to several foreign
steamship companies, and some of the States of the federation also make
similar grants from their treasuries. Besides the subventions to lines
to foreign ports, the Government grants State aid to a considerable
number of coast lines operating between Rio de Janeiro and other
Brazilian ports. The total amount of the subventions in 1910 was equal
to $1,437,880.[FO] The principal beneficiary was the _Lloyd Brazileiro_,
maintaining the line between Brazilian ports and the United States.

* * * * *

Argentina is adopting a policy of giving subsidies to foreign steamship
companies which extend her communications with foreign ports. As far
back as 1865 a decree was issued offering a subsidy of twenty thousand
dollars a year for a line between Argentina and the United States. But
it was not taken. In 1911 the Government was prepared to pay a subsidy
to a new steamship company promoted to furnish a regular service to
South Africa.[FP] In 1911 there appeared the first steam vessel flying
the American flag at Buenos Aires in twenty years.[FQ]

Chile grants mail subsidies, which have no appreciable effect in the
merchant marine.[FR]

FOOTNOTES:

[Footnote FO: Con. Gen. George E. Anderson, Rio de Janeiro, in Daily
Con. Repts., no. 55, p. 719, Sept. 7, 1910.]

[Footnote FP: Daily Con. Repts., March 18, 1911.]

[Footnote FQ: Same, January 20, 1911.]

[Footnote FR: Meeker.]

CHAPTER XIII

THE UNITED STATES

While a navigation code founded in 1790 and 1792, and developed in 1816,
1817, and 1820, after the model of the then existing English code,[FS]
has been retained in modified form through enactments in subsequent
years, a system of general ship-subsidies, though repeatedly proposed,
has never been a