not
give a pedestrian a lift; and there is both room for this and a
possibility of doing it. But the richer the equipage, the farther is a
man from all possibility of giving a seat to any person whatsoever. It
is even said plainly, that the most stylish equipages are those meant to
hold only one person.
It is precisely the same thing with the manner of life which is expressed
by the word cleanliness.
Cleanliness! Who is there that does not know people, especially women,
who reckon this cleanliness in themselves as a great virtue? and who is
not acquainted with the devices of this cleanliness, which know no
bounds, when it can command the labor of others? Which of the people who
have become rich has not experienced in his own case, with what
difficulty he carefully trained himself to this cleanliness, which only
confirms the proverb, "Little white hands love other people's work"?
To-day cleanliness consists in changing your shirt once a day; to-morrow,
in changing it twice a day. To-day it means washing the face, and neck,
and hands daily; to-morrow, the feet; and day after to-morrow, washing
the whole body every day, and, in addition and in particular, a rubbing-
down. To-day the table-cloth is to serve for two days, to-morrow there
must be one each day, then two a day. To-day the footman's hands must be
clean; to-morrow he must wear gloves, and in his clean gloves he must
present a letter on a clean salver. And there are no limits to this
cleanliness, which is useless to everybody, and objectless, except for
the purpose of separating oneself from others, and of rendering
impossible all intercourse with them, when this cleanliness is attained
by the labors of others.
Moreover, when I studied the subject, I because convinced that even that
which is commonly called education is the very same thing.
The tongue does not deceive; it calls by its real name that which men
understand under this name. What the people call culture is fashionable
clothing, political conversation, clean hands,--a certain sort of
cleanliness. Of such a man, it is said, in contradistinction to others,
that he is an educated man. In a little higher circle, what they call
education means the same thing as with the people; only to the conditions
of education are added playing on the pianoforte, a knowledge of French,
the writing of Russian without orthographical errors, and a still greater
degree of external cleanliness. In a still
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