ne was the gunboat _Niger_, which, in
the presence of thousands of persons on the shore at Deal, foundered
without loss of life on November 11, 1914. But one of the German
submarines was to go to the bottom in retaliation. On the 23d of
November the _U-18_ was seen and rammed off the Scotch coast, and some
hours later was again seen near by. This time she was floating on the
surface and carrying a white flag. The British destroyer _Garry_ brought
up alongside of her and took off her crew, just as she foundered.

Three days later the _Bulwark_, a British battleship of 15,000 tons and
carrying a crew of 750 officers and men, was blown up in the Thames
while at anchor at Sheerness. It was never discovered whether she was a
victim of a torpedo, a mine, or an internal explosion. It is possible
that a spy had placed a heavy charge of explosives within her hull. Only
fourteen men of her entire complement survived the disaster.

It was in November, 1914, also, that the sometime German cruisers
_Goeben_ and _Breslau_, now flying the Turkish flag, became active
again. As units in a Turkish fleet they bombarded unfortified ports on
the Black Sea on the first day of the month. Retaliation for this was
made by the Allies two days later when a combined fleet of French and
English battleships bombarded the Dardanelles forts, inflicting a
certain amount of damage.

On the 18th of November, 1914, the _Goeben_ and _Breslau_ engaged a
Russian fleet off Sebastopol. The composition of this Russian fleet was
never made public by the Russian admiralty, but it is known that the
Russian battleship _Evstafi_ was the flagship. She came up on the
starboard side of the two German ships and opened fire on the nearer,
the _Goeben_, at a distance of 8,000 yards. The latter, hit by the
Russian 12-inch guns was at first unable to reply because the first
shots set her afire in several places, but she finally let go with her
own guns and after a fourteen-minute engagement she sailed off into a
fog. Her sister ship the _Breslau_ took no part in the exchange of
shots, and also made off. The damage done to the _Goeben_ was not enough
to put her out of commission; the _Evstafi_ suffered slight damage and
had twenty-four of her crew killed.

The British submarine commander, Holbrook, with the _B-11_ upheld the
prestige of this sort of craft in the British navy. He entered the
waters of the Dardanelles on the 13th of December, 1914, and submerging,
traveled