822, he resigned his high post of
Protector and General-in-chief, and embarked for Europe. On his arrival
in Europe, after a short visit to the East of Fife, San Martin passed
his time chiefly in Brussels and Paris, so much respected by all who
knew him, and so esteemed for his probity, that _Sor Aguado_, the rich
Spanish Banker, on his death-bed, named San Martin his Executor.

It is believed that he retired from Peru, disgusted with the false
charges that were brought against him, and after having obtained a
promise from his great rival, Bolivar, that he would finish the war,
which it would have been much for San Martin's own glory to have
concluded himself. If so, he had the _magnanimity_ to prefer the good of
Peru to his own glory, a virtue never found except amongst men of great
nobleness of soul. San Martin may have even thought that under the
circumstances, his great rival was fitter to conclude the war than he
was himself; and if he did so, the result proved at once his modesty and
the soundness of his judgment, for when the Peruvian Government had
fairly intrusted their destinies to Bolivar, in rapid succession, he
fought the bloody battles of Junin and Ayacucho, the result of which was
the final and total liberation of Peru.

Nor was Bolivar less just to foreign officers of merit than San Martin.
Amongst his Generals and Aid-de-camps ranked General Brawn, General
Oleary, Colonel Wilson, and many others; and Colonel Miller (who had
been raised to the rank of General), as the reward of his gallant
conduct in the last hard-fought fields of Junin and Ayacucho, received
the further honor of being declared a _Marescal de Agacucho_. To other
officers of Peru, of Chile and of Buenos Ayres, Bolivar was equally
just, thus showing that he was superior to any petty jealousy of those
chiefs with whose aid San Martin, his illustrious predecessor, had made
those great achievements which a weaker mind might have looked upon with
envy as, in some respects, overwhelming his own.

FREDERICK BASTIAT, the political economist, whose health had been very
feeble for nearly a year, and of whose death last summer in Italy a
report was copied into the _International_, died in Rome on the 24th of
December. He was born at Bayonne in 1801, and after completing his
education, he retired to a quiet village in the department of Landes, to
pursue his favorite studies of trade and society. He was successively
called to various offices of th