capiuntur aliqui_; sunt enim, ut fertur, illius sectae plus quam _sex
millia_ hominum. Impingitur eis quod non credant _purgatorium_ esse,
quod non orent _Sanctos_, imo dicant non esse orandos, teneant _decimas_
non esse solvendas presbyteris, et alia quaedam id genus. _Propter quae
sola vivos comburunt, bona publicant._" Basle MS., Herminjard, iii. 45.]

[Footnote 461: Crespin and the Hist. eccles. place De Roma's exploits
_before_, De Thou relates them _after_ the massacre. As to the
surpassing and shameless immorality of the ecclesiastics of Avignon, it
is quite sufficient to refer to Crespin, ubi supra, fol. 97, etc., and
to the autobiography of Francois Lambert, who is a good witness, as he
had himself been an inmate of a monastery in that city.]

[Footnote 462: Crespin, fol. 103, b.]

[Footnote 463: The Parliament of Provence, with its seat at Aix, was
instituted in 1501, and was consequently posterior in date and inferior
in dignity to the parliaments of Paris, Toulouse, Grenoble, Bordeaux,
Dijon, and Rouen.]

[Footnote 464: By royal letters of July 16, 1535, and May 31, 1536.
Histoire eccles., i. 23.]

[Footnote 465: There is even greater discrepancy than usual between the
different authorities respecting the number of Waldenses cited and
subsequently condemned to the stake. Crespin, fol. 90, gives the _names_
of _ten_, the royal letters of 1549 state the number as _fourteen_ or
_fifteen_, the Histoire ecclesiastique as _fifteen_ or _sixteen_. M.
Nicolai (Leber, Coll. de pieces rel. a l'hist. de France, viii. 552)
raises it to nineteen, which seems to be correct.]

[Footnote 466: Histoire eccles., i. 23; Crespin, Actiones et Monimenta,
fol. 90; De Thou, i. 536; Nicolai, _ubi supra_; Recueil des anc. lois
francaises, xii. 698. See the _arret_ in Bouche, Hist. de Provence, _ubi
supra_. The last-mentioned author, while admitting the proceedings of
the Parliament of Aix to be apparently "somewhat too violent," excuses
them on the ground that the Waldenses deserved this punishment, "non
tant par leurs insolences et impietez cy-devant commises, mais _pour
leur obstination a ne vouloir changer de religion_;" and cites, in
exculpation of the parliament, the "bloody order of Gastaldo," in
consequence of which, in 1655, fire, sword, and rapine were carried into
the peaceful valley of Luserna (ibid., 615, 623)! The massacre of the
unhappy Italian Waldenses thus becomes a capital vindication of the
barbarities inflict