n. Indeed, it is
primarily intended that the book should so serve as a help in the
study of the actual specimens.

Although much can be done in the study, even of the lowest plants,
without microscopic aid other than a hand lens, for a thorough
understanding of the structure of any plant a good compound microscope
is indispensable, and wherever it is possible the student should be
provided with such an instrument, to use this book to the best
advantage. As, however, many are not able to have the use of a
microscope, the gross anatomy of all the forms described has been
carefully treated for the especial benefit of such students. Such
portions of the text, as well as the general discussions, are printed
in ordinary type, while the minute anatomy, and all points requiring
microscopic aid, are discussed in separate paragraphs printed in
smaller type.

The drawings, with very few exceptions, which are duly credited, were
drawn from nature by the author, and nearly all expressly for this
work.

A list of the most useful books of reference is appended, all of which
have been more or less consulted in the preparation of the following
pages.

The classification adopted is, with slight changes, that given in
Goebel's "Outlines of Morphology and Classification"; while, perhaps,
not in all respects entirely satisfactory, it seems to represent more
nearly than any other our present knowledge of the subject. Certain
groups, like the Diatoms and _Characeae_, are puzzles to the botanist,
and at present it is impossible to give them more than a provisional
place in the system.

If this volume serves to give the student some comprehension of the
real aims of botanical science, and its claims to be something more
than the "Analysis" of flowers, it will have fulfilled its mission.

DOUGLAS H. CAMPBELL.

BLOOMINGTON, INDIANA,
October, 1889.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PAGE
CHAPTER I.--INTRODUCTION 1

Composition of Matter; Biology; Botany; Zooelogy; Departments
of Botany; Implements and Reagents; Collecting
Specimens.

CHAPTER II.--THE CELL 6

Parts of the Cell; Formation of New Cells; Tissues.

CHAPTER III.--CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS 9

Protophytes; Slime-moulds; Schizophytes; Blue-green Slimes,
_Oscillaria_; Sch